Controlled release dosage form
The present invention provides a simple and improved dosage form that is capable of providing a controlled release of GABA B receptor agonist contained in the core thereof. The invention also provides methods of administering the dosage form and of treating conditions that are therapeutically responsive to GABA B receptor agonist.
1. A method of treating a condition that is therapeutically responsive to arbaclofen, the method comprising orally administering to a subject in need thereof a daily dose of arbaclofen in one or more extended release oral dosage forms comprising an active ingredient, wherein said active ingredient consists of arbaclofen (ARBAC), and wherein
a) the dosage form provides an in vitro release profile for ARBAC as follows under conditions defined in USP <711> using a Type II apparatus with paddles in 0.1 N HCl at a temperature of 37±5° C.: about 70% wt to about 95% wt of the drug is released by six hours, no less than about 80% wt of the drug is released by 8 hours, and no less than about 90% wt of the drug is released by 12 hours, and
b) the dosage form provides the following pharmacokinetic profile when a single dose comprising 20 mg ARBAC is administered orally to a subject: a mean Cmax of about 240 ng/ml±30%, and a mean AUC 0-t of about 1460 ng*h/ml±30%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the daily dose is less than that which would be administered to the subject in an immediate release dosage form and wherein the one or more dosage forms of the invention are at least as therapeutically effective and provide less adverse events than the immediate release dosage form.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form comprises:
a) a core comprising the active ingredient, at least one water-swellable excipient, and at least one osmotic salt, and
b) a membrane surrounding the core comprising at least one film-forming cellulose ester.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one water swellable excipient comprises a combination of at least one hydrophilic cellulose derivative and at least one polyalkylene oxide.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one water swellable excipient comprises by weight a majority of the at least one polyalkylene oxide polymer and a minority of the at least one hydrophilic cellulose derivative.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polyalkylene oxide polymer comprises poly(ethylene oxide), and the hydrophilic cellulose derivative comprises hydroxyalkyl alkylcellulose derivative or hydroxyalkylcellulose derivative.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
the ratio of polyalkylene oxide to cellulose derivative is in the range of about 10:1 to about 25:1, about 13:1 to about 17:1 or about 17:1 to about 22:1;
the weight ratio of uncoated core to membrane applied to the core ranges from about 10:1 to about 15:1 or about 5:1 to about 10:1; and/or
the core further comprises at least one binder and the weight ratio of total water swellable polymer to total binder in the core ranges from about 6:1 to about 2:1 or about 5:1 to about 1:1.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one polyalkylene oxide has a molecular weight of about 1,000,000 or less.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the membrane further comprises plasticizer, and the film-forming cellulose ester comprises a majority of a first grade of film-forming cellulose ester and a minority of a second grade of film-forming cellulose ester.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the film-forming cellulose ester is cellulose acetate.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cellulose acetate is selected from any of the following grades:
Hydroxyl Content
Acetyl Content
Cellulose Acetate
(% by wt.)
(% by wt.)
Viscosity*
Grade 1
8.7
32
2.4
P
Grade 2
3.5
39-40, 39.8
38
P
Grade 3
7-10
30-36
200-280
sec*
Grade 4
3-5
37-43
6-45
sec*
Grade 5
3-5
37-43
100-240
sec*
wherein the viscosity is determined as set forth in ASTM D817 (Formula A) or D1343.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cellulose acetate comprises, by weight, a majority of Grade 1, Grade 3 or a combination thereof, and a minority of Grade 2, Grade 4, Grade 5 or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 3 , wherein the osmotic salt is present at a concentration ranging from about 5% wt to about 45% by weight based upon the weight of the uncoated core, or wherein the weight ratio of total water swellable polymer to osmotic salt is about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5 or about 0.7:1 to about 1:1.
14. The method of claim 3 , wherein the membrane ruptures from 0.1 to 1.5 hours after exposure of the device to an aqueous environment of use.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form comprises a dose of 2.5 to 50 mg of ARBAC.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form provides about the same or greater Cmax and about the same or greater AUC as compared to oral administration of a reference immediate release dosage form comprising the same dose of ARBAC.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 15% wt to about 35% wt of the drug is released by 2 hours, about 50% wt to about 85% wt is released by 4 hours, no less than about 80% wt of the drug is released by 8 hours, and no less than 90% wt of the drug is released by 12 hours after placement in an environment of use.
18. A method of treating a condition that is therapeutically responsive to arbaclofen, the method comprising orally administering to a subject in need thereof a daily dose of arbaclofen in one or more extended release oral dosage forms comprising about 2.5 to about 50 mg of arbaclofen (ARBAC) and made according to the following formulation:
Ingredient
% wt
Core
ARBAC
5-11
NaCl
30-40
MCC
2-8
Copovidone
6-16
Swellable HPMC
0.5-5
Swellable PEO with molecular weight ≤1,000,000
30-45
Optional Antioxidant
0.01-0.5
Optional Glidant
0.01-0.5
Optional Lubricant
0.01-0.5
Semipermeable membrane
Cellulose acetate Grade 2, 4, or 5
0-<10
Cellulose acetate Grade 1 or 3
100-≥90
Plasticizer
1-10
wherein about 15% wt to about 35% wt of the ARBAC is released by 2 hours, about 50% wt to about 85% wt is released by 4 hours, no less than about 80% wt of the drug is released by 8 hours, and no less than 90% wt of the drug is released by 12 hours after placement in an environment of use.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the condition is spasticity.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form, when administered in the fed state, exhibits a positive food effect in terms of an increased Cmax and AUC when comparing oral administration of the dosage form in the fed and fasting states.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extended release dosage form provides a plasma profile as described herein or as approximately depicted in FIG. 2 or FIG. 6 .
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extended release dosage form provides a dissolution profile as described herein or as approximately depicted in FIG. 1 or FIG. 5 inclusive of the area defined by minimum and maximum profiles.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmacokinetic profile is further defined as follows:
a mean Tmax of about 4.8 hrs±20%, a mean Cmax of about 240 ng/ml±30%, an AUC 0-t of about 1460 ng*h/ml±30%, an AUC 0-inf of about 1560 ng*h/ml±30%, and a mean residence time of about 9.3 hrs±30%.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form provides a majority of drug release downstream of the stomach in the upper portion of the GI tract following oral administration thereof.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the condition is spasticity.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject being administered the controlled release dosage form experiences less drowsiness and/or less dizziness as compared to administration of a rapid release or immediate release dosage form containing an equimolar amount of arbaclofen present as racemic baclofen.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form provides reduced adverse events as compared to administration of a rapid release or immediate release dosage form containing an equimolar amount of arbaclofen present as racemic baclofen.
28. A method of treating a condition that is therapeutically responsive to arbaclofen, the method comprising orally administering to a subject in need thereof a daily dose of arbaclofen in one or more extended release oral dosage forms, wherein following oral administration the dosage form provides a higher AUC 0-inf and higher Cmax and a longer Tmax than that provided by an immediate release capsule containing the same amount of arbaclofen.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the extended release dosage form exhibits in vitro dissolution profile approximating that described in FIG. 6 for formulation T2 and/or exhibits in vivo single dose plasma profile approximating that described in FIG. 7 inclusive of the area between the minimum and maximum.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the condition is spasticity.