Systems and methods for clinical neuronavigation

1. A method for generating a brain stimulation target, comprising:

generating functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) image data of a patient's brain using a magnetic resonance imaging machine, wherein the fMRI image data describes neuronal activations within the patient's brain;

determining a brain stimulation target using a neuronavigation computing system by:

mapping at least one region of interest to the patient's brain;

locating functional subregions within the at least one region of interest based on the fMRI image data;

determining functional relationships between at least two of the functional subregions;

generating parameters for each functional subregion;

generating a target quality score for each functional subregion based on the parameters; and

selecting a brain stimulation target based on the target quality scores and a neurological condition of the patient.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the brain imaging data describes neuronal activity during a resting state.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the brain imaging data further comprises preprocessing the brain imaging data.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein preprocessing the brain imaging data comprises performing at least one preprocessing step selected from the group consisting of physiological noise regression, slice-time correction, motion correction, co-registration, band-pass filtering, and de-trending.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a brain atlas is used for mapping the at least one region of interest onto the patient's brain anatomy.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each functional subregion describes homogenous brain activity.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional subregions are identified and separated from each other using hierarchical agglomerative clustering.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parameters for each functional subregion are selected from the group consisting of size of the functional subregion, concentration of voxels that make up the functional subregion, a correlation between the functional subregion and other functional subregions, and accessibility of the functional subregion to a transcranial magnetic stimulation device.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target quality score reflects a combination of weighted parameters of each functional subregion, where a higher quality score reflects a better brain stimulation target.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the brain stimulation target is one of the functional subregions, where the brain stimulation target is located in a surface region of the brain, and the target quality score is further based on a surface influence metric for the brain stimulation target comprising a number weighted combination of Spearman correlation coefficients derived from a hierarchical clustering algorithm describing correlation coefficients between the brain stimulation target and all of the functional subregions located in a deep region of the brain.

11. The method of claim 1 , where the brain stimulation target is a transcranial magnetic stimulation target.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising stimulating the brain stimulation target using a transcranial magnetic stimulation device in accordance with an aTBS protocol.

13. A system for generating a brain stimulation target, comprising:

a neuronavigation computing system comprising at least one processor and a memory containing a neuronavigation application, where the neuronavigation application directs the processor to:

obtain brain imaging data from a magnetic resonance imaging machine capable of obtaining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) image data of a patient's brain, where the brain imaging data describes neuronal activations within the patient's brain;

map at least one region of interest to the patient's brain;

locate functional subregions within the at least one region of interest based on the fMRI image data;

determine functional relationships between at least two of the functional subregions;

generate subregion parameters for each functional subregion;

generate a target quality score for each functional subregion based on the subregion parameters; and

select a brain stimulation target based on the target quality scores and a neurological condition of the patient.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the fMRI image data describes neuronal activity during a resting state.

15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the neuronavigation application further directs the processor to preprocess the fMRI image data.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein to preprocess the fMRI image data, the neuronavigation application further directs the processor to perform at least one preprocessing step selected from the group consisting of physiological noise regression, slice-time correction, motion correction, co-registration, band-pass filtering, and de-trending.

17. The system of claim 13 , wherein a brain atlas is used to map at least one of the functional subregions.

18. The system of claim 13 , wherein each functional subregion describes homogenous brain activity.

19. The system of claim 13 , wherein the functional subregions are located using hierarchical agglomerative clustering.

20. The system of claim 13 , wherein the subregion parameters are selected from the group consisting of size of the functional subregion, concentration of voxels that make up the functional subregion, a correlation between the functional subregion and other functional subregions, and accessibility of the subregion from the surface of the brain.

21. The system of claim 13 , wherein the target quality score reflects a surface influence metric for a given subregion.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the surface influence for a given subregion is the sum of a two dimensional matrix of Spearman correlation coefficients derived from a hierarchical clustering algorithm describing the correlation coefficients between one of the functional subregions selected as the brain stimulation target, where the selected functional subregion is located in a surface region of the brain, and all functional subregions located in a deep region of the brain.

23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the brain stimulation target is a transcranial magnetic stimulation target.

24. The system of claim 21 , wherein the neuronavigation application further directs the processor to stimulate the brain stimulation target using a transcranial magnetic stimulation device in accordance with an aTBS protocol.