Flow cytometry evaluation of biological material for exosome particles
A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus-size particles of exosomes having a particular epitope uses a fluorescent antibody stain specific for binding with the epitope and a fluid sample with the exosomes and fluorescent antibody stain is subjected to flow cytometry with identification of fluorescent emission detection events indicative of passage through a flow cell of a flow cytometer of unassociated labeled particles of virus size including such an exosome and fluorescent antibody stain.
1. A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus size exosome particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material and a predetermined amount of a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles including a said exosome particle fluorescently-labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain bound directly or indirectly with the target epitope and with the unassociated labeled particles having a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 1 micron, the fluorescent antibody stain having a fluorescent emission response when subjected to an excitation radiation, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to the excitation radiation causing the fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation within the wavelength range to identify fluorescent emission detection events indicative of of virus-size including a said exosome particle with the target epitope bound directly or indirectly to the antibody of the fluorescent antibody stain; and
wherein the flow cytometry comprises detecting only for fluorescent emissions from fluorescent stains, and the flow cytometry is in the absence of particle identification by light scatter detection.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain is within a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 4 micrograms per milliliter.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 4 to 7 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 60 nanometers to 300 nanometers.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a said fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 1×10 5 to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the exosomes are modified to express recombinant protein.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
manufacturing a product comprising the exosomes, the manufacturing comprising production processing to prepare a purified product including the exosomes, the production processing including:
generating the exosomes in a biological production operation;
harvesting from the biological production operation a crude product comprising the exosomes generated during the generating; and
purifying at least a portion of material of the crude product to prepare a purified product including the exosomes;
collecting the biological material sample from a stage of the production processing during which the exosomes would be expected to be present in the biological material; and
preparing the fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material sample.
12. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising performing the collecting multiple times to collect different ones of said biological material sample from multiple different said stages and preparing a said fluid sample and performing a said flow cytometry for each said biological material sample.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the multiple different said stages include at least a first stage during the generating or the harvesting and a second stage during or after the purifying.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter;
the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 60 nanometers to 600 nanometers; and
the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
15. A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus size exosome particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
preparing a fluid sample, the preparing the fluid sample comprising mixing biological material to be evaluated for presence of the unassociated particles with a predetermined amount of a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles including a said exosome particle fluorescently-labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain bound directly or indirectly with the target epitope and with the unassociated labeled particles having a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 1 micron, the fluorescent antibody stain having a fluorescent emission response when subjected to an excitation radiation;
subjecting to flow cytometry the fluid sample, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to the excitation radiation causing the fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation within the wavelength range to identify fluorescent emission detection events indicative of of virus-size including a said exosome particle with the target epitope bound directly or indirectly to the antibody of the fluorescent antibody stain; and
wherein, the method comprises after the mixing, not removing fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles from the fluid sample prior to the flow cytometry.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
17. The method of claim 15 ,
wherein, the flow cytometry is in the absence of detecting for light scatter.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the flow cytometry comprises detecting only for fluorescent emissions from fluorescent stains.
19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 4 micrograms per milliliter.
20. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 4 to 7 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
21. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter.
22. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
23. The method according to claim 15 , wherein:
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter;
the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 60 nanometers to 600 nanometers; and
the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
24. A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus size exosome particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material and a predetermined amount of a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles including a said exosome particle fluorescently-labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain bound directly or indirectly with the target epitope and with the unassociated labeled particles having a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 1 micron, the fluorescent antibody stain having a fluorescent emission response when subjected to an excitation radiation, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to the excitation radiation causing the fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation within the wavelength range to identify fluorescent emission detection events indicative of of virus-size including a said exosome particle with the target epitope bound directly or indirectly to the antibody of the fluorescent antibody stain; and
wherein, the fluorescent antibody stain is a first fluorescent stain and the fluid sample comprises a second fluorescent stain having a second fluorescent emission response, different than the fluorescent emission response of the first fluorescent stain, caused by the excitation radiation, and wherein the second fluorescent stain comprises a fluorogenic nucleic acid stain.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
26. The method according to claim 25 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain and the concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles are each in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 4 micrograms per milliliter.
28. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
29. The method according to claim 28 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 4 to 7 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
30. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter.
31. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
32. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the flow cytometry is in the absence of particle identification by light scatter detection.
33. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
34. The method of claim 24 , wherein the exosomes are modified to express recombinant protein.
35. The method of claim 24 , further comprising preparing the fluid sample, the preparing the fluid sample comprising:
mixing biological material to be evaluated for presence of the unassociated virus particles with the fluorescent antibody stain; and
after the mixing, not removing fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles from the fluid sample prior to subjecting the fluid sample to flow cytometry.
36. The method according to claim 24 , wherein:
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the predetermined amount at a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter;
the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 60 nanometers to 600 nanometers; and
the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
37. A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus size exosome particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material and a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles including a said exosome particle fluorescently-labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain bound directly or indirectly with the target epitope and with the unassociated labeled particles having a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 1 micron, the fluorescent antibody stain having a fluorescent emission response when subjected to an excitation radiation, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to the excitation radiation causing the fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation within the wavelength range to identify fluorescent emission detection events indicative of of virus-size including a said exosome particle with the target epitope bound directly or indirectly to the antibody of the fluorescent antibody stain; and
wherein, the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
38. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
39. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
40. The method according to claim 39 , wherein the total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain and the concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles are each in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 4 micrograms per milliliter.
41. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
42. The method according to claim 41 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 4 to 7 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
43. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter.
44. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the flow cytometry is in the absence of particle identification by light scatter detection.
45. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.
46. The method of claim 37 , further comprising preparing the fluid sample, the preparing the fluid sample comprising:
mixing biological material to be evaluated for presence of the unassociated virus particles with the fluorescent antibody stain; and
after the mixing, not removing fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles from the fluid sample prior to the subjecting the fluid sample to flow cytometry.
47. The method according to claim 37 , wherein the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
48. The method according to claim 37 , wherein:
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprises the concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain not bound in the unassociated labeled particles in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 6 micrograms per milliliter;
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule and the fluorescent antibody stain comprises an average number of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule;
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer has a concentration of the unassociated labeled particles of up to 1×10 9 particles per milliliter;
the maximum cross dimension is in a range of from 60 nanometers to 600 nanometers; and
the flow cytometry comprises flowing the fluid sample through the flow cell at a fluid sample flow rate in a range of from 250 to 3000 nanoliters per minute.