Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers having stress relief features
A piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) is disclosed. The device consists of a flexible membrane that is connected to a rigid substrate via flexures. The flexures are defined by slots etched through the perimeter of the membrane. These features release the stress present on the structural layers of the membrane, making it less sensitive to residual stress. The flexures are designed to act as torsion springs so that the membrane's vibration mode shape is highly curved in the piezoelectric actuation area, thereby increasing the electromechanical coupling.
1. A piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) device, comprising:
a substrate having an opening formed therethrough;
a membrane assembly formed from at least one elastic layer and at least one piezoelectric layer sandwiched between a top electrode layer and a bottom electrode layer, the top electrode layer being encapsulated with a passivation layer;
the membrane assembly being attached to the substrate over the opening;
the membrane assembly including two or more flexures coupling the diaphragm to an anchor region connected to the substrate;
the two or more flexures being defined by two or more concentric interrupted slots etched through the membrane layer proximate an edge of the opening, wherein portions of the piezoelectric layer and top and bottom electrode layers are removed from portions of the membrane near the concentric interrupted slots which are formed through the elastic layer, wherein the two or more flexures are configured to act as torsion springs that permit a portion of the membrane assembly over the opening to vibrate with a curved vibration mode shape.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic layer includes a layer of polysilicon or single-crystal silicon.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layer is Aluminum Nitride (AIN) or an alloy of AIN such as ScAIN.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layer is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) or an alloy of PZT such as PLZT or PNZT.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the two or more flexures are defined by at least two slots at a perimeter of the membrane.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the two or more flexures are defined by two or more concentric rings of slots, each concentric ring having two or more slots in each of the two or more concentric rings.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the two or more flexures are configured to act as torsion springs that permit the membrane to vibrate with a curved vibration mode shape of the membrane.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the two or more concentric interrupted slots include two or more overlapping concentric interrupted slots.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the two or more overlapping concentric interrupted slots include two or more rings of concentric interrupted slots.
10. The device of claim 8 , wherein the two or more overlapping concentric interrupted slots include three or more rings of concentric interrupted slots.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the two or more concentric interrupted slots include a single ring of perforations in the membrane.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein the two or more concentric interrupted slots include two or more arcuate slots.
13. The device of claim 1 wherein the two or more concentric interrupted slots include one or more straight slots.
14. The device of claim 8 , wherein the two or more overlapping concentric interrupted slots include a ring of two or more interrupted arcuate slots that overlap with a concentric ring of two or more straight slots.