Making and using in vitro-synthesized ssRNA for introducing into mammalian cells to induce a biological or biochemical effect
The present invention relates to compositions, kits and methods for making and using RNA compositions comprising in vitro-synthesized ssRNA inducing a biological or biochemical effect in a mammalian cell or organism into which the RNA composition is repeatedly or continuously introduced. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods for changing the state of differentiation or phenotype of a human or other vertebrate cell. For example, the present invention provides mRNA and methods for reprogramming cells that exhibit a first differentiated state or phenotype to cells that exhibit a second differentiated state or phenotype, such as to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells.
1. A composition comprising:
a) single-stranded mRNA that encodes a human cell reprogramming factor protein or a human therapeutic protein, wherein the mRNA is a product of in vitro transcription of a DNA template by an RNA polymerase that generates double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contaminants;
b) a prokaryotic dsRNA-specific endoribonuclease III (endoRNase III) protein that digests said dsRNA contaminants;
c) magnesium cations present at a concentration of about 1-4 mM; and
wherein said composition is essentially free of said dsRNA contaminants.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said magnesium ions are present at a concentration of about 1-2 mM.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes (i) a reprogramming factor; (ii) a cluster of differentiation (CD) protein; (iii) an enzyme; (iv) a protein in the immunoglobulin super family; (v) a cytokine or chemokine; (vi) a cell surface receptor protein; (vii) a protein in a cell signaling pathway; (viii) an antibody; (ix) a T cell receptor; (x) a protein that reduces or suppresses an innate immune response comprising interferon (IFN) production or response, or (xi) an iPS cell induction factor.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes a reprogramming factor.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes at least one protein selected from the group consisting of: OCT4, SOX2; KLF4; LIN28; NANOG; MYC; c-MYC; c-MYC(T58A); and L-MYC.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes at least one growth factor selected from the group consisting of: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes at least one protein selected from the group consisting of: IL-4; IL-13; IL-10; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR).
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA encodes at least one enzyme with antioxidant activity selected from the group consisting of catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase-1, and superoxide dismutase-2; Bruton's tyrosine kinase; adenosine deaminase; and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphydrolase.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said endoRNase III is from E. coli.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said mRNA (i) contains a cap structure; (ii) contains a cap 1 structure wherein the 5′ penultimate nucleotide comprises a 2′-O-methyl-ribosyl group; (iii) comprises a poly A tail; (iv) does not contain any modified bases other than a 5′ cap nucleotide, if present, or (iv) comprises at least one heterologous sequence selected from the group consisting of: a 5′ UTR sequence, a Kozak sequence, an IRES sequence, and a 3′ UTR sequence.