Methods for producing carbon fibers from coal
A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.
1. A method of producing carbon fiber, comprising:
providing an amount of raw coal, the raw coal including one or more impurities therein;
beneficiating the amount of raw coal by heating the raw coal in an atmosphere comprising a halogen gas to selectively remove at least some of the one or more impurities relative to one or more other impurities comprising heteroatoms to form beneficiated coal;
processing the beneficiated coal to produce an amount of pitch; and
modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the carbon fiber;
wherein the carbon fiber includes a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein beneficiating the amount of raw coal includes removing at least 75 wt. % of at least one of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, water, or volatile compounds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the beneficiated coal includes pyrolyzing the beneficiated coal.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein pyrolyzing the beneficiated coal includes heating the beneficiated coal to about 400° C. to about 650° C. at atmospheric pressure.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the beneficiated coal includes at least one of subjecting the beneficiated coal to a direct liquefaction process, subjecting the beneficiated coal to an indirect liquefaction, or using membranes.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capturing syngas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the carbon fiber includes modifying some of the pitch to produce the carbon fibers and a remainder of the pitch to form one or more additional advanced carbon materials.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additional advanced carbon materials includes one or more resins.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein modifying a remainder of the pitch to form one or more additional advanced carbon materials includes modifying the at least some of the pitch to form one or more resin precursors.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more resins include at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane resins, cyanate ester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyester resins, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining the carbon fibers with at least one matrix material to form the carbon fiber reinforced composite.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the at least one matrix material includes at least one polymer.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the at least one matrix material includes one or more of at least one metal or at least one ceramic.
14. A method of producing an advanced carbon material at a single processing facility, comprising:
providing an amount of raw coal to the single processing facility, the raw coal including one or more impurities therein;
beneficiating the amount of raw coal by heating the raw coal in an atmosphere comprising a halogen gas at the single processing facility to selectively remove at least some of the one or more impurities relative to one or more other desired impurities to form beneficiated coal;
processing the beneficiated coal at the single processing facility to produce an amount of pitch; and
modifying at least some of the pitch at the single processing facility to produce the one or more resins;
wherein the one or more resins include a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein beneficiating the amount of raw coal includes removing at least 75 wt. % of at least one of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, water, or volatile compounds.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the beneficiated coal include pyrolyzing the beneficiated coal at a temperature of about 400° C. to about 650° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the beneficiated coal includes at least one of subjecting the beneficiated coal to a direct liquefaction process, subjecting the beneficiated coal to an indirect liquefaction, or using membranes.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the carbon fiber includes modifying some of the pitch to produce the carbon fibers and a remainder of the pitch to form one or more resins.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining the carbon fibers with at least one matrix material to form the carbon fiber reinforced composite.