Window-integrated photovoltaic devices
The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a perovskite layer, a first charge-transport layer, and an adhesion layer, where the adhesion layer is positioned between the charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, the adhesion layer forms a first bond with the charge transport layer, and the adhesion layer forms a second bond with the perovskite layer.
1. A device comprising:
a perovskite layer;
a first charge transport layer; and
an adhesion layer comprising a molecule comprising a first functional group, wherein:
the adhesion layer is positioned between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, and
the first functional group comprises a phosphonate group, an ammonium group, an alkoxide group, a carboxylate group, a thiolate group, or a combination thereof.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprises acidaminomethylphosphonic acid, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, aminobutylphosphonic acid, aminododecylphosphonic acid, or a combination thereof.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the perovskite layer comprises ABX 3 ,
A is a first cation,
B is a second cation, and
X is an anion.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the perovskite comprises CsPbI 2 Br.
5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a second charge-transport layer, wherein:
the first charge-transport layer comprises a hole-transport layer,
the second charge-transport layer comprises an electron-transfer layer, and
the perovskite layer is positioned between the first charge-transport layer and the second transport layer.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein:
the first charge-transport layer comprises a plurality of first tabs having a first cross-sectional shape and a first length,
the second charge-transport layer comprises a plurality of second tabs having a second cross-sectional shape and a second length,
the first tabs are positioned parallel to the second tabs and a first axis,
the first tabs and the second tabs are positioned within a first plane, and
the first tabs and the second tabs are interdigitated, resulting in a plurality of first spaces positioned between the interdigitated first tabs and second tabs.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the first functional group forms a first bond, a second bond, or both the first bond and the second bond,
the first bond is to the first charge transport layer, and
the second bond is to the perovskite layer.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein:
the first bond is a covalent bond or an ionic bond, and
the second bond is a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein:
the molecule further comprises a second functional group,
the first functional group forms the first bond, and
the second functional group forms the second bond.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the first functional group is the phosphonate group and the second functional group is the ammonium group.
11. The device of claim 9 , further comprising a linking group, wherein the linking group covalently connects the first functional group and the second functional group.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein:
the perovskite layer comprises a plurality of third tabs having a third cross-sectional shape and a third length,
the third tabs are positioned within a second plane that is parallel with the first plane,
the third tabs are parallel to a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis,
the perovskite layer fills at least a portion of the first spaces, and
the third tabs form a plurality of second spaces between neighboring third tabs.
13. The device of claim 12 , further comprising an intervening material, wherein the intervening material fills at least a portion of the second spaces.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the intervening material is electrically insulating.
15. The device of claim 13 , the intervening material comprises a polymer.
16. The device of claim 11 , wherein the linking group comprises an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a combination thereof.
17. A device comprising:
a perovskite layer;
a first charge-transport layer;
a second charge-transport layer; and
an adhesion layer, wherein:
the adhesion layer is positioned between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer,
the adhesion layer forms a first bond with the first charge transport layer, the adhesion layer forms a second bond with the perovskite layer,
the first charge-transport layer comprises a hole-transport layer,
the second charge-transport layer comprises an electron-transfer layer,
the first charge-transport layer comprises a plurality of first tabs having a first cross-sectional shape and a first length,
the second charge-transport layer comprises a plurality of second tabs having a second cross-sectional shape and a second length,
the first tabs are positioned parallel to the second tabs and a first axis,
the first tabs and the second tabs are positioned within a first plane, the first tabs and the second tabs are interdigitated, resulting in a plurality of first spaces positioned between the interdigitated first tabs and second tabs,
the perovskite layer comprises a plurality of third tabs having a third cross-sectional shape and a third length,
the third tabs are positioned within a second plane that is parallel with the first plane,
the third tabs are parallel to a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis,
the perovskite layer fills at least a portion of the first spaces, and
the third tabs form a plurality of second spaces between neighboring third tabs.