IoT devices, block chain platforms and IoT systems for recording transportation data of objects and methods of using the same
The present disclosure includes IoT devices, block chain platforms, and IoT systems for recording transportation data of an object and methods of using the same. In some examples, IoT devices are one time programmed with a private key in a manufacturing process of the IoT device. In some examples, IoT devices may include at least one sensor configured to detect external environment data of an object during transportation of the object; and a processor configured to receive the data from the sensor and generate a data packet based on the data using a private key, the data packet including a unique identification number of the IoT device, the data and a signature generated according to the unique identification number and the data.
1. An Internet of Things (IoT) device for recording transportation data of an object, the IoT device having been one time programmed with a private key in a manufacturing process of the IoT device, the IoT device comprising:
at least one sensor configured to detect external environment data of the object during transportation of the object; and
a processor configured to receive the data from the sensor and generate a data packet based on the data using the private key, the data packet including a unique identification number of the IoT device, the data and a signature generated based on the unique identification number and the data;
wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate the unique identification number using a public key corresponding to the private key;
perform a hash operation on a combination of the unique identification number and the data;
use the private key to perform an asymmetric encryption on the hashed combination of the unique identification number and the data to generate the signature; and
packetize the unique identification number of the IoT device, the data and the signature into the data packet.
2. The IoT device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a hash operation on the public key and use result of the hash operation as the unique identification number.
3. The IoT device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
use a public key corresponding to the private key as the unique identification number.
4. The IoT device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
register the unique identification number of the IoT device to a block chain platform.
5. The IoT device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit the data packet to a block chain platform.
6. The IoT device according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive the data packet from the processor and transmit the data packet to a block chain platform for storage; wherein the communication module includes at least one of (1) an online communication interface, the online communication interface being connected with a radio access network directly and configured to transmit the data packet to the block chain platform over the radio access network or (2) an offline communication interface, the offline communication interface communicating with a scanner in a near distance communication to transmit the data packet to the scanner, the scanner forwarding the data packet to the block chain platform, wherein the near distance communication includes at least one of Near Field Communication (NFC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) communication, WiFi communication, Bluetooth communication, and ZIGBEE communication.
7. The IoT device according to claim 6 , wherein the communication module includes a wired communication interface, the wired communication interface transmitting the data packet directly or indirectly to the block chain platform through a data cable.
8. The IoT device according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes at least one of an environmental sensor, a motion sensor, a gas sensor and a location sensor.
9. The IoT device according to claim 1 , further comprising a power supply component for powering the IoT device.
10. A block chain platform for recording transportation data of an object, comprising:
an underlying block chain; and
a nonvolatile computer readable storage medium containing instructions for causing a processor to receive a data packet from an IoT device, authenticate the data packet based on a public key of the IoT device and store the data of the data packet to the underlying block chain upon a successful authentication;
wherein the data packet includes a unique identification number of the IoT device, sensor data and a signature generated based on a combination of the unique identification number and the sensor data, and wherein the instructions further include instructions for causing the processor to:
retrieve the signature and the combination of the unique identification number and the data from the data packet, respectively;
perform a hash operation on the combination of the unique identification number and the data, the hash operation being the same as a hash operation performed by the processor of the IoT device on the combination of the unique identification number and the data;
decrypt the signature using the public key of the IoT device;
compare a result of the hash operation and a result of the decrypting; and
store the sensor data to the underlying block chain if the result of the hash operation and the result of the decrypting are the same.
11. The block chain platform according to claim 10 , wherein the instructions further include instructions for causing the processor to receive the data packet from a scanner communicatively coupled with the IoT device.
12. An Internet of Things (IoT) system for recording transportation data of an object comprising:
the IoT device according to claim 1 , and
a block chain platform including:
an underlying block chain; and
an application server or a smart contract entity configured to receive a data packet from the IoT device, authenticate the data packet based on the public key of the IoT device and store the data of the data packet to the underlying block chain upon a successful authentication.
13. An Internet of Things (IoT) device for recording transportation data of an object, the IoT device having been one time programmed with a private key in a manufacturing process of the IoT device, the IoT device comprising:
at least one sensor configured to detect external environment data of the object during transportation of the object; and
a processor configured to receive the data from the sensor and generate a data packet based on the data using the private key, the data packet including a unique identification number of the IoT device, the data and a signature generated based on the unique identification number and the data; and
a communication module configured to receive the data packet from the processor and transmit the data packet to a block chain platform for storage;
wherein the communication module includes an offline communication interface, the offline communication interface for communicating with a scanner in a near distance communication to transmit the data packet to the scanner, for forwarding the data packet by the scanner to the block chain platform.
14. A block chain platform for recording transportation data of an object, comprising:
an underlying block chain; and
a nonvolatile computer readable storage medium containing instructions for causing a processor to:
receive a data packet from a scanner communicatively coupled with an IoT device;
authenticate the data packet based on a public key of the IoT device; and
store the data of the data packet to the underlying block chain upon a successful authentication.