Partial discharge transducer
A partial discharge (PD) transducer that includes a PD sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system. At least one light emitting device (LED) is arranged in series with the PD sensor. The LED is configured to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor and to generate a light signal in response to the electrical sensor signal.
1. A partial discharge transducer system, comprising:
a partial discharge (PD) sensor configured to sense a partial discharge event of an electrical system;
at least one light emitting device (LED) in series with the PD sensor, the LED configured to:
receive an electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor; and
generate a light signal in response to the electrical sensor signal; and
a PD detection processor operatively coupled to the PD sensor and configured to:
monitor for changes of one or both of usage and loading of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of the sensed PD events; and
predict a time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of one or both of the usage and the loading of the electrical system over time.
2. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , wherein the PD sensor comprises a transient earth voltage sensor, or high-frequency coupling capacitor.
3. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , further comprising a high pass filter connected between the PD sensor and the LED.
4. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage regulator arranged in parallel with the LED, the voltage regulator configured to bring an effective turn-on voltage of the LED to about 0V.
5. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , wherein a response time of the LED comprises:
a rise time greater than 5 ns; and
a fall time greater than 5 ns.
6. A partial discharge monitoring system, comprising:
multiple partial discharge (PD) transducers, each partial discharge transducer comprising:
a partial discharge (PD) sensor configured to sense a PD event of a monitored electrical system and to generate an electrical sensor signal in response to the PD event;
at least one light emitting device (LED) in series with the PD sensor, the LED configured to:
receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor; and
generate an analog light signal in response to the electrical sensor signal;
at least one optical fiber optically coupled to receive light from the LED and configured to carry the analog light signal from a location proximate to the monitored electrical system to a location remote from the monitored electrical system;
at least one light receiving device at the remote location configured to generate an analog electrical signal in response to the analog light signal; and
a PD detection processor operatively coupled to the PD sensor and configured to:
monitor for changes of one or both of usage and loading of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of the sensed PD events; and
predict a time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of one or both of the usage and the loading of the electrical system over time.
7. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein:
the at least one LED device includes:
at least one first LED in series with the PD sensor, the first LED coupled to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor, the first LED configured to generate a first analog light signal in response to positive going pulses of the electrical sensor signal; and
at least one second LED in series in the PD sensor, the second LED coupled to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor, the second LED configured to generate a second analog light signal in response to negative going pulses of the electrical sensor signal;
the at least one optical fiber comprises:
at least one first optical fiber optically coupled to receive the first analog light signal from the first LED and configured to carry the first analog light signal from a location proximate to the monitored electrical system to a location remote from the monitored electrical system; and
at least one second optical fiber optically coupled to receive the second analog light signal from the second LED and configured to carry the second analog light signal from a location proximate to the monitored electrical system to a location remote from the monitored electrical system; and
the at least one light receiving device comprises:
at least one first light receiving device configured to generate a first analog electrical signal in response to the first analog light signal; and
at least one second light receiving device configured to generate a second analog electrical signal in response to the second analog light signal.
8. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to analyze the analog electrical signal or a signal derived therefrom and to detect the PD event based on the analysis.
9. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to compare at least one value of the electrical sensor signal or a signal derived therefrom to a threshold value and to detect the PD event based on the comparison.
10. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to determine a magnitude of charge transfer of the PD event.
11. The monitoring system of claim 10 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to apply a conversion algorithm to determine the magnitude of charge transfer of the PD event.
12. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to:
compare a signature of the electrical sensor signal or a signal derived therefrom to a previously obtained signature of the electrical sensor signal or the signal derived therefrom; and
determine degradation of the electrical system based on the comparison.
13. The monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to:
monitor for changes of a load pattern of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of PD events; and
predict the time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of the load pattern over time.
14. A partial discharge transducer system, comprising:
a partial discharge (PD) sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system and to generate an electrical sensor signal in response to the PD event;
a first light emitting device (LED) coupled to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor, the first LED configured to generate a first light signal in response to positive going pulses of the electrical sensor signal;
a second LED in parallel with the first LED, the second LED coupled to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor, the second LED configured to generate a second light signal in response to negative going pulses of the electrical sensor signal; and
a PD detection processor operatively coupled to the PD sensor and configured to:
monitor for changes of one or both of usage and loading of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of the sensed PD events; and
predict a time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of one or both of the usage and the loading of the electrical system over time.
15. A partial discharge monitoring system, comprising:
multiple partial discharge transducers, each partial discharge transducer comprising:
a partial discharge (PD) sensor configured to sense a partial discharge event of an electrical system;
a first light emitting device (LED) coupled to receive an electrical sensor signal caused by the partial discharge event from the PD sensor, the first LED arranged such that the first LED generates a first analog light signal in response to positive going pulses of the electrical sensor signal; and
a second LED arranged in parallel with the first LED, the second LED coupled to receive the electrical sensor signal from the PD sensor, the second LED arranged such that the second LED generates a second light signal in response to negative going pulses of the electrical sensor signal;
at least one first optical fiber configured to carry a first fiber light signal corresponding to the first analog light signal;
at least one second optical fiber configured to carry a second fiber light signal corresponding to the second analog light signal; and
a PD detection processor operatively coupled to the PD sensor and configured to:
monitor for changes of one or both of usage and loading of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of the sensed PD events; and
predict a time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of one or both of the usage and the loading of the electrical system over time.
16. A method, comprising:
sensing a partial discharge event of a monitored electrical system;
generating an electrical sensor signal in response to the PD event;
converting the electrical sensor signal to an analog light signal;
transmitting the analog light signal from a location of the monitored electrical system to a location remote from the monitored electrical system through an optical fiber;
in response to the analog light signal, generating an analog electrical signal at the remote location;
monitoring for changes of one or both of usage and a load pattern of the electrical system over time based on one or more characteristics of the PD events; and
predicting a time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of one or both of the usage and the load pattern of the electrical system over time.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
converting the electrical sensor signal to the analog light signal comprises:
converting positive going pulses of the electrical sensor signal to a first analog light signal; and
converting negative going pulses of the electrical sensor signal to a second analog light signal;
transmitting the analog light signal comprises:
transmitting the first analog light signal from a location proximate to the monitored electrical system to a location remote from the monitored electrical system through a first optical fiber; and
transmitting the second analog light signal from the location proximate to the monitored electrical system to the location remote from the monitored electrical system through a second optical fiber; and
generating the analog electrical signal at the remote location comprises:
generating a first analog electrical signal in response to the first analog light signal; and
generating a second analog electrical signal in response to the second analog light signal.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising analyzing the analog electrical signal or a signal derived therefrom to detect the PD event.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising comparing at least one value of the electrical sensor signal or a signal derived therefrom to a threshold value and to detect the PD event based on the comparison.
20. The method of claim 16 , further determining a magnitude of charge transfer of the PD event.
21. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
comparing a signature of the electrical sensor signal or a signal derived therefrom to a previously obtained signature of the electrical sensor signal or the signal derived therefrom; and
determining degradation of the electrical system based on the comparison.
22. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
monitoring for changes of the load pattern of the electrical system over time based on one or more characteristics of the PD events; and
predicting the time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of the load pattern of the electrical system over time.
23. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , wherein the PD detection processor is configured to:
monitor for changes of the loading of the electrical system over time based on characteristics of the sensed PD events; and
predict the time of failure of the electrical system based on the monitored changes of the loading of the electrical system over time.
24. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical system comprises a transformer.
25. The partial discharge monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the PD sensor is configured to sense for the partial discharge event resulting from one or both of usage and loading of the electrical system.
26. The partial discharge monitoring system of claim 6 , wherein the electrical system comprises a transformer.
27. The method of claim 16 , wherein the monitored electrical system comprises a transformer.
28. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage regulator arranged in parallel with the LED, the voltage regulator configured to facilitate production of an optical output from the LED by a charge less than about 1 nC.
29. The partial discharge transducer system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage regulator arranged in parallel with the LED, the voltage regulator configured to facilitate measuring of a charge less than about 1 nC.