Power module for drivetrain of an electric vehicle
View Patent ↗Provided herein are systems and methods described related to a power module of a drivetrain system of an electric vehicle. The power modules as described herein can include a sandwich structure that reduces a parasitic inductance of the power module through mutual inductance cancellation. For example, the power modules can include at least two current paths that overlap or are formed over each other in a sandwich like formation to form a power loop having an overlapping current path. The power loop can have an overall inductance value corresponding to a self-inductance of the first current path and a self-inductance of the second current path subtracted by a mutual inductance value of the overlapping current path.
1. A power module for a drivetrain of an electric vehicle, the power module comprising:
a first polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface;
an isolation layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the isolation layer coupled with the second surface of the first polarity terminal;
a second polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the second polarity terminal coupled with the second surface of the isolation layer;
a high side switch;
a first current path that electrically couples the first polarity terminal with the high side switch;
a low side switch;
a second current path that electrically couples the second polarity terminal with the low side switch;
a power loop formed from the first current path and the second current path;
the power loop having an overlapping current path formed from the first current path disposed in parallel with respect to the second current path with the first polarity terminal of the first current path disposed parallel with respect to the second polarity terminal of the second current path; and
the power loop having an overall inductance value equal to a sum of a self-inductance of the first current path and a self-inductance of the second current path minus a mutual inductance value of the overlapping current path.
2. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
an output terminal coupled to the first polarity terminal through the first current path; and
the output terminal coupled to the second polarity terminal through the second current path.
3. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
the first polarity terminal disposed at a first end of the power module;
the second polarity terminal disposed at the first end of the power module;
the first polarity terminal disposed adjacent with respect to the second polarity terminal; and
the first polarity terminal disposed parallel with respect to the second polarity terminal.
4. The power module of claim 1 , wherein:
the low side switch includes four switching elements.
5. The power module of claim 1 , wherein:
the low side switch includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element;
a first gate terminal is coupled with the first switching element and a second switching element; and
a second gate terminal is coupled with a third switching element and a fourth switching element.
6. The power module of claim 1 , wherein:
the high side switch includes four switching elements coupled in a parallel arrangement.
7. The power module of claim 1 , wherein:
the high side switch includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element;
a first gate terminal is coupled with the first switching element and the second switching element; and
a second gate terminal is coupled with the third switching element and the fourth switching element.
8. The power module of claim 1 , comprising:
a housing disposed on an outer surface of the power module, the housing including a lead frame and an open window area to expose an output terminal of the power module.
9. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a housing disposed on an outer surface of the power module, the housing formed on the power module through a transfer molding technique.
10. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first output terminal coupled with the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminals; and
a second output terminal coupled with the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal.
11. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a trace substrate that electrically couples the first polarity terminal with the high side switch; and
the trace substrate electrically couples the second polarity terminal with the low side switch.
12. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a trace substrate that electrically couples at least one terminal of the high side switch with at least one terminal of the low side switch.
13. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a trace substrate that electrically couples the high side switch and the low side switch with an output terminal.
14. The power module of claim 1 , further comprising:
the power module disposed in a drivetrain and the drivetrain disposed in an electric vehicle.
15. A method of providing a power module for a drivetrain of an electric vehicle, the method comprising:
providing a first polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface;
disposing an isolation layer having a first surface and a second surface such that the first surface of the isolation layer is coupled with the second surface of the first polarity terminal;
coupling a second polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface such that the first surface of the second polarity terminal is coupled with the second surface of the isolation layer;
providing a high side switch;
electrically coupling the first polarity terminal to the high side switch through a first current path;
providing a low side switch;
electrically coupling the second polarity terminal to the low side switch through a second current path;
forming a power loop from the first current path and the second current path;
the power loop having an overlapping current path formed from the first current path disposed parallel with respect to the second current path with the first polarity terminal of the first current path disposed parallel with respect to the second polarity terminal of the second current path; and
the power loop having an overall inductance value equal to a sum of a self-inductance of the first current path and a self-inductance of the second current path minus a mutual inductance value of the overlapping current path.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
disposing the first polarity terminal at a first end of the power module;
disposing the second polarity terminal at the first end of the power module;
positioning the first polarity terminal adjacent with respect to the second polarity terminal; and
positioning the first polarity terminal parallel with respect to the second polarity terminal.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
forming the low side switch having a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element;
coupling a first gate terminal with the first switching element and the second switching element; and
coupling a second gate terminal with the third switching element and the fourth switching element.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
forming the high side switch having a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, and a fourth switching element;
coupling a first gate terminal with the first switching element and the second switching element; and
coupling a second gate terminal with the third switching element and the fourth switching element.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
coupling at least one terminal of the high side switch with at least one terminal of the low side switch through a trace substrate; and
coupling the high side switch and the low side switch with an output terminal through the trace substrate.
20. An electric vehicle, comprising:
a power module for a drivetrain of the electric vehicle, the power module comprising:
a first polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface;
an isolation layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the isolation layer coupled with the second surface of the first polarity terminal;
a second polarity terminal having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the second polarity terminal coupled with the second surface of the isolation layer;
a high side switch;
a first current path that electrically couples the first polarity terminal to the high side switch;
a low side switch;
a second current path that electrically couples the second polarity terminal to the low side switch;
a power loop formed from the first current path and the second current path;
the power loop having an overlapping current path formed from the first current path disposed in parallel with respect to the second current path with the first polarity terminal of the first current path disposed parallel with respect to the second polarity terminal of the second current path; and
the power loop having an overall inductance value equal to a sum of a self-inductance of the first current path and a self-inductance of the second current path minus a mutual inductance value of the overlapping current path.