Shaped collet for electrical stress grading in corona ignition systems
A corona igniter assembly which is designed to reduce the amount of air gaps between insulating components and thus reduce electrical fields concentrated in those air gaps and the associated unwanted corona discharge. The assembly includes a high voltage center electrode surrounded by a ceramic insulator and a high voltage insulator. A dielectric compliant insulator is disposed between the ceramic insulator and the high voltage insulator. A layer of metal is applied to at least one of the insulators, for example the ceramic insulator. A compliant collet formed of a partially resistive material covers a sharp edge of the layer of metal to reduce the electric field and smooth the electric field distribution at the sharp edge of the metal layer.
1. A corona igniter assembly comprising:
a high voltage center electrode surrounded by a ceramic insulator and a high voltage insulator, said ceramic insulator being formed of a ceramic material and said high voltage insulator being formed of a material different from said ceramic material;
a dielectric compliant insulator disposed between said ceramic insulator and said high voltage insulator;
a layer of metal extending between opposite edges and applied to at least said ceramic insulator; and
a compliant collet formed of a partially resistive material disposed between said layer of metal along said ceramic insulator and said dielectric compliant insulator, and said compliant collet covering one of said edges of said layer of metal.
2. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said compliant collet is formed of silicone rubber.
3. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said one of said edges of said layer of metal covered by said compliant collet is sharp.
4. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said ceramic insulator is formed of a material including alumina, said high voltage insulator is formed of a material including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or epoxy having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE) which is greater than a coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE) of said ceramic insulator; and said dielectric compliant insulator is formed of rubber or a material including silicone.
5. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said compliant collet is formed of a single material with isotropic or anisotropic electrical conductivity.
6. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 5 , wherein said single material of said compliant collet has an averaged electrical conductivity of higher than 10 −2 S/m.
7. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said compliant collet is formed of layers of two or more different semiconductive or conductive materials.
8. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 7 , wherein said compliant collet includes two semiconductive or conductive materials, a first one of said semiconductive or conductive materials is located closer to said one edge of said metal layer and has a higher electrical conductivity that a second one of said semiconductive or conductive materials.
9. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 8 , wherein an averaged electrical conductivity of said first one of said semiconductive or conductive materials is higher than 10'S/m, and an averaged electrical conductivity of said second one of said semiconductive or conductive materials is in a range of 10 −6 to 10'S/m.
10. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said dielectric compliant insulator is formed of silicone rubber.
11. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said compliant collet and said ceramic insulator present a mating angle therebetween which is at least 45° and less than 90°.
12. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said dielectric compliant member and said compliant collet are disposed between said high voltage insulator and said ceramic insulator.
13. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 including an igniter central electrode surrounded by said ceramic insulator and a metal shell surrounding said ceramic insulator; said igniter central electrode extending longitudinally along a center axis from a terminal end to a firing end and including a crown disposed on said firing end; and the crown including a plurality of branches extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis.
14. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said high voltage insulator is formed of a material having a dielectric strength of greater than 30 kV/mm, a dielectric constant of not greater than 2.5, and a dissipation factor of less than 0.001.
15. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said high voltage insulator is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity of greater than 0.8 W/mK at 25° C. and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE) of less than 35 ppm/K at temperatures ranging from −40° C. to 150° C.
16. A corona igniter assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said corona igniter assembly further includes:
an ignition coil assembly coupled to said high voltage center electrode;
a firing end assembly including an igniter central electrode coupled to said high voltage center electrode;
said firing end assembly including said ceramic insulator surrounding said igniter central electrode and a metal shell surrounding said ceramic insulator;
said igniter central electrode extending longitudinally along a center axis from a terminal end to a firing end and including a crown disposed on said firing end, said crown including a plurality of branches extending radially outwardly relative to said center axis;
said ceramic insulator being formed of a material including alumina;
said high voltage insulator being formed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or thermosetting epoxy;
said dielectric compliant insulator being formed of rubber or a material including silicone;
said dielectric compliant insulator being compressed between said high voltage insulator and said ceramic insulator;
a sleeve formed of a material having an electrical conductivity higher than 10 −2 S/m being disposed around said high voltage center electrode;
a second dielectric compliant insulator disposed between said high voltage insulator and said ignition coil assembly;
said one edge of said layer of metal being covered by said compliant collet includes a sharp edge;
said compliant collet is formed of silicone rubber; and
said compliant collet and said ceramic insulator present a mating angle therebetween which is at least 45° and less than 90°.
17. A method of manufacturing a corona igniter assembly comprising the steps of:
providing a ceramic insulator formed of a ceramic material, a high voltage insulator formed of a material different from the ceramic material, and a dielectric compliant insulator;
applying a layer of metal to at least the ceramic insulator;
disposing a high voltage center electrode in a bore of the ceramic insulator, a bore of the dielectric compliant insulator, and a bore of the high voltage insulator; and
disposing a compliant collet formed of a partially resistive material between the layer of metal along the ceramic insulator and the dielectric compliant insulator and over one of the edges of the layer of metal.