Material qualification system and methodology
Various ways in which material property variations of raw materials used in additive manufacturing can be identified and accounted for are described. In some embodiments, the raw material can take the form of powdered metal. The powdered metal can have any number of variations including the following: particle size variation, contamination, particle composition and particle shape. Prior to utilizing the powders in an additive manufacturing operation, the powders can be inspected for variations. Variations and inconsistencies in the powder can also be identified by monitoring an additive manufacturing with one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing process can be adjusted in real-time to adjust for inconsistencies in the powdered metal.
1. An additive manufacturing method, comprising:
measuring powder characteristics of a batch of powder, the powder characteristics comprising a thermal conductivity of the batch of powder;
adjusting parameters of an additive manufacturing operation in accordance with the measured thermal conductivity of the batch of powder; and
performing the additive manufacturing operation using the adjusted parameters with the batch of powder.
2. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein parameters of the additive manufacturing operation are adjusted based at least in part on the measured thermal conductivity, prior to the performing the additive manufacturing operation.
3. The additive manufacturing method of claim 2 , wherein the measuring powder characteristics and the adjusting parameters of the additive manufacturing operation are performed before and during the additive manufacturing operation.
4. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring powder characteristics of the batch of powder comprises measuring a heat profile emitted by a powder bed and comparing the heat profile to another heat profile measured when performing the additive manufacturing operation with a known-good batch of powder.
5. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring the powder characteristics of the batch of powder is performed by a controller in communication with a thermographic sensor.
6. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the measured powder characteristics comprise material composition and shape of the powder.
7. An additive manufacturing method, comprising:
measuring a thermal conductivity of a batch of powder;
adjusting parameters of an additive manufacturing operation, subsequent to the measuring the thermal conductivity, in accordance with the measured thermal conductivity; and
performing the additive manufacturing operation with the batch of powder using the adjusted parameters to produce a part.
8. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the measuring the thermal conductivity of the batch of powder comprises measuring a heat profile emitted by a powder bed and comparing the heat profile to another heat profile measured when performing the additive manufacturing operation with another batch of powder.
9. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 8 , wherein the heat profile is measured by an optical sensing system.
10. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 7 , further comprising measuring a particle size distribution of the batch of powder.
11. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 7 , further comprising measuring an average diameter of particles making up the batch of powder.
12. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 11 , further comprising determining a variation in layer thickness resulting from the measured average diameter of the particles being outside a predetermined threshold.
13. The additive manufacturing method as recited in claim 7 , wherein measuring the thermal conductivity of the batch of powder comprises measuring thermophysical quantities of the batch of powder during a preceding additive manufacturing operation, the measured thermophysical quantities comprising one or more of specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity.
14. The additive manufacturing method of claim 7 , wherein measuring the thermal conductivity material composition of the batch of powder comprises measuring heating and cooling rates of the batch of powder during another additive manufacturing operation preceding the additive manufacturing operation.
15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by a processor of an additive manufacturing system, cause the additive manufacturing system to carry out steps that include:
measuring a thermal conductivity of a powder;
determining that the thermal conductivity is within a predetermined range of acceptable values;
adjusting parameters of an additive manufacturing operation in accordance with the measured thermal conductivity of the batch of powder;
performing the additive manufacturing operation using the adjusted parameters with the powder values.
16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 15 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the additive manufacturing system to carry out additional steps that include:
stopping the additive manufacturing system if the thermal conductivity is outside of the predetermined range of acceptable values.
17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 15 , wherein the processor adjusts one or more parameters of the additive manufacturing system based at least in part on the measured thermal conductivity.
18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 15 , wherein the measured thermal conductivity is used to detect one or more powder characteristics including surface oxidation.
19. The additive manufacturing method of claim 15 , wherein the measuring is performed using an optical sensor.