Broad tunable bandwidth radial line slot antenna

1. An antenna comprising:

an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, with each set being separately controlled to generate a beam at a frequency band in a first mode, wherein RF radiating antenna elements of the plurality of sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the sets of RF radiating antenna elements, and where said each group comprises at least one receive RF radiating antenna element for use with receiving on a receive sub-band and at least one transmit RF radiating antenna element for use with transmission on a transmit sub-band, wherein sub-bands for use by the at least one receive RF radiating antenna element and the at least one transmit RF radiating element are different from each other.

2. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein each set of antenna elements has a plurality of tuning states and tuning states for at least two of the three or more sets of antenna elements are combined together to form a single beam in a second mode, the second mode being different from the first mode.

3. The antenna defined in claim 2 wherein each of the at least two sets of antenna elements has different resonator settings that are tuned separately from other sets in the three of more sets.

4. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein at least two beams are generated simultaneously.

5. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein three or more sets of elements share or split a band.

6. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the band comprises the Ku band with transmit and receive sub-bands.

7. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements comprises tunable liquid crystal (LC) material for controlling said each RF radiating antenna element.

8. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are interleaved with each other.

9. The antenna defined in claim 1 wherein RF radiating antenna elements of the plurality of sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

10. The antenna defined in claim 9 where said each group comprises two RF radiating receive antenna elements for use with receiving on receive sub-bands and one transmit RF radiating antenna element for use with transmission on a transmit sub-band, the transmit band being different than the two different receive bands.

11. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein the two receive sub-bands are operated separately and simultaneously to form two receive beams.

12. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein the groups of elements associated with the two receive bands are independently controlled and operated separately and each is combinable to operate with the transmit band, such that each combination is a duplex receive/transmit system.

13. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a lower frequency than the second receive sub-band.

14. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein, in each group, a transmit antenna element is between a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band and a second receive antenna element operating with and a second receive sub-band.

15. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a higher frequency than the second receive sub-band.

16. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band, a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band are placed next to each other, with the transmit antenna element being shifted along a axis parallel to the first and second receive antenna elements and toward a center of the aperture.

17. The antenna defined in claim 10 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band, a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band are placed next to each other, with the transmit antenna element being shifted along a axis parallel to the first and second receive antenna elements and outwardly with respect to a center of the aperture.

18. The antenna defined in claim 9 wherein RF radiating antenna elements within each group and the groups of elements are placed to control mutual coupling.

19. An antenna comprising:

an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, wherein each set of antenna elements has a plurality of tuning states and tuning states for at least two of the three or more sets of antenna elements are combined together to form a single beam in one mode, wherein RF radiating antenna elements of the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, and where said each group comprises at least one receive RF radiating antenna element for use with receiving on a receive sub-band and at least one transmit RF radiating antenna element for use with transmission on a transmit sub-band, wherein sub-bands for use by the at least one receive RF radiating antenna element and the at least one transmit RF radiating element are different from each other.

20. The antenna defined in claim 19 wherein the at least two sets of antenna elements comprises sets of receive elements with tuning states combined to form a single receive beam.

21. The antenna defined in claim 19 wherein each of the at least two sets of antenna elements has different resonator settings that are tuned separately from other sets in the three or more sets.

22. The antenna defined in claim 19 wherein at least two beams are generated simultaneously using the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

23. The antenna defined in claim 19 wherein the three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements are interleaved with each other.

24. The antenna defined in claim 19 wherein RF radiating antenna elements of the plurality of sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

25. The antenna defined in claim 24 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a lower frequency than the second receive sub-band.

26. The antenna defined in claim 24 wherein, in each group, a transmit antenna element is between a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band.

27. The antenna defined in claim 24 wherein, in each group, a first receive antenna element operating with a first receive sub-band is placed between a transmit antenna element and a second receive antenna element operating with a second receive sub-band, the first receive sub-band having a higher frequency than the second receive sub-band.

28. An antenna apparatus comprising:

an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements of varying sizes controlled independently using LC tuning components to generate beams in three or more frequency bands, wherein the plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements comprise a plurality of electronically-steerable flat panel antennas having at least three spatially interleaved antenna sub-arrays combined in the aperture, the plurality of electronically-steerable flat panel antennas to operate independently and simultaneously at distinct frequencies, wherein each of the at least three antenna sub-arrays comprises a tunable slotted array of antenna elements.

29. The apparatus defined in claim 28 wherein the at least three spatially interleaved antenna sub-arrays comprises at least one of the transmit sub-array and at least two receive sub-arrays.

30. The apparatus defined in claim 29 wherein RF radiating antenna elements of each of the at least one of the transmit sub-array and at least two receive sub-arrays have different physical sizes in comparison to each other.

31. The apparatus defined in claim 28 wherein the plurality of RF radiating antenna comprises a plurality of sets of RF radiating antenna elements are located together in groups in the aperture, with each group comprising one RF radiating antenna element from each of the sets of RF radiating antenna elements.

32. The apparatus defined in claim 28 wherein each set of antenna elements has a plurality of tuning states and tuning states for at least two of the three or more sets of antenna elements are combined together to form a single beam in one mode.

33. The antenna defined in claim 32 wherein the at least two sets of antenna elements comprises sets of receive elements with tuning states combined to form a single receive beam.