PVC plasticizers and methods for making thereof
A plasticized PVC composition free of phthalate is disclosed. The composition comprises a tertiary diamide plasticizer prepared from biorenewable feedstock such as fatty acid selected from tall oil fatty acids, tall oil fatty acid monomers, fatty acids derived from tall oil fatty acid, and mixtures thereof. The tertiary diamide plasticizer is a reaction product of a reactant mixture comprising the fatty acid and one or more monocyclic diamines.
1. A tertiary diamide composition, comprising a reaction product of a reactant mixture consisting essentially of:
a fatty acid selected from tall oil fatty acids, tall oil fatty acid monomers, fatty acids derived from tall oil fatty acid, and mixtures thereof; and
one or more monocyclic diamines of Formula (1),
wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, n can have the value zero or one, and wherein R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom.
2. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid contains more than 80 wt. % of C18 carboxylic acids.
3. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises 20-55 wt. % of oleic acid, 20-55 wt. % of linoleic acid, and optionally 0-15 wt. % of linolenic acid.
4. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid has a total carbon footprint of <95% of the total carbon footprint of a fatty acid obtained from a vegetable oil.
5. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein R, R1, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom and n is zero.
6. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the reactant mixture further comprises at least a tall oil rosin, a gum rosin and mixtures thereof, in an amount of less than 15% by weight.
7. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , characterized as having an acid number of less than 12 mg KOH/g.
8. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , characterized as having an amine value of less than 6 mg KOH/g.
9. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , characterized as having a third power average molecular weight Mz of less than 1800.
10. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is a tall oil fatty acid.
11. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is isostearic acid comprising a mixture of branched and straight-chain saturated C18 fatty acids.
12. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is a tall oil fatty acid monomer.
13. The tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises saturated and unsaturated C-18 fatty acids, with branched chain isooleic acids constitute the main portion and with virtually no polyunsaturated fatty acids.
14. A molding compound comprising at least one polymer and the tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 .
15. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyvinyl chloride.
16. A polymer composition comprising the tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 as a plasticizer.
17. A method of preparing a plasticized PVC composition free of phthalate, comprising blending and compounding the tertiary diamide composition of claim 1 with PVC and one or more polymer stabilizers and antioxidants.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the plasticized PVC composition is characterized as having a weight loss after 48 hours of less than 1% in an exudation test.
19. A method of preparing a plasticizer composition free of phthalate, comprising mixing and heating a reactant mixture consisting essentially of:
one or more fatty acid selected from tall oil fatty acids, tall oil fatty acid monomers, fatty acids derived from tall oil fatty acid, and mixtures thereof; and
one or more monocyclic diamines of Formula (1),
wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, n can have the value zero or one, and wherein R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom.