METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE EVALUATION OF RENAL INJURY USING HYALURONIC ACID
The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using assays that detect one or more of hyaluronic acid (HA) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker assays in renal injuries.
1 . A method for evaluating renal status in a subject not receiving renal replacement therapy and that is characterized as being in RIFLE 0 or R, and treating the subject based on the evaluation, comprising:
performing an assay configured to detect hyaluronic acid (HA) on a urine sample obtained from the subject by introducing the urine sample into an assay instrument which (i) contacts the urine sample with an antibody that specifically binds for detection HA present in the urine sample, and (ii) generates an assay result indicative of binding of HA to the antibody;
correlating the assay result to the renal status of the subject by using the assay result to assign the patient to a predetermined subpopulation of individuals having a known predisposition of a future acute assignment made by comparing the assay result or a value derived therefrom to a threshold assay value obtained from a population study, wherein the threshold separates the population into a first subpopulation above the renal injury characterized as being in RIFLE I or F occurring within 48 hours of the time at which the body fluid sample is obtained from the subject, the threshold which is at an increased predisposition for having acute renal failure characterized as being in RIFLE I or F within 48 hours relative to a second subpopulation below the threshold; and
wherein when the assay result is above the threshold assay value the subject is treated by one or more of initiating renal replacement therapy, withdrawing delivery of compounds that are known to be damaging to the kidney, delaying or avoiding procedures that are known to be damaging to the kidney, and modifying diuretic administration.
2 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein said correlating step comprises assigning a likelihood that the subject will reach RIFLE stage F within 48 hours.
3 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein said correlating step comprises assigning a likelihood that the subject will reach RIFLE stage F within 24 hours.
4 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein said assay result is a measured urine concentration of HA
5 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on the pre-existence in the subject of one or more known risk factors for prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal ARF.
6 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on an existing diagnosis of one or more of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration below the normal range, cirrhosis, serum creatinine above the normal range, sepsis, injury to renal function, reduced renal function, or ARF, or based on undergoing or having undergone major vascular surgery, coronary artery bypass, or other cardiac surgery, or based on exposure to NSAIDs, cyclosporines, tacrolimus, aminoglycosides, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobin, myoglobin, ifosfamide, heavy metals, methotrexate, radiopaque contrast agents, or streptozotocin.