Gel based livestock feed, method of manufacture and use
A method of making a gel-type livestock feed includes initially forming a feed mixture by mixing feed nutrient components, water, alginate, and a calcium component insoluble in water or a sequestrate to inhibit the calcium component from reacting with the alginate. Once the feed mixture is formed, the calcium component is solubilized or the sequestrates affecting the reactivity between the alginate and the calcium component is removed such that a gel feed is formed that includes a gel matrix containing the feed nutrient components. The gel feed may then be fed to the livestock. In another aspect of the present invention, piglets are weaned by feeding the gel feed for at least seven days directly after weaning. The gel feed may also include protein derived from blood with or without egg protein.
1. A method of making a livestock feed for piglets, the method comprising:
forming a feed mixture by mixing feed nutrient components, a gelling agent, and a calcium component that is initially insoluble in water to inhibit the calcium component from reacting with the gelling agent, wherein a pH during mixing of the feed nutrient components is about 6.0 or greater, wherein the gelling agent comprises agar, alginate, carrageenan, gum Arabic, ghatti, tragacanth, pectin, guar, Gelan, Carboxy Methylcellulose or locust bean gum; and
once the feed mixture is formed, solubilizing the calcium component to cause the gelling agent and the calcium component to react such that a gel feed is formed comprising a gel matrix containing the entire feed mixture,
wherein the feed nutrient components comprise about 2 to 25% protein, about 3 to 40% carbohydrate, and about 0 to 10% fat.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed nutrient components include water as a major component.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed nutrient components further comprise about 25 to 90% water.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein solubilizing the calcium component involves adding an acid or an acidulent to the feed mixture to lower the pH.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid comprises citric acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein sufficient acid or acidulent is added to lower the pH to at least about 4.5 or below.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calcium component comprises a calcium salt.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the calcium salt comprises dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate, calcium iodate, calcium sulfate or any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the calcium salt becomes soluble and reactive with the gelling agent at a selected pH and the pH of the feed mixture is lowered to or below the selected pH.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the feed mixture comprises adding antibiotics or chemotherapeutics.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed nutrient components comprise a protein derived from blood in the form of blood plasma or blood serum.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed nutrient components are sufficient for piglets during weaning or immediately after weaning or both.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gel feed as formed is then fed to piglets, with the piglets being fed the gel feed during weaning.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said piglets are weaned by feeding them the gel feed containing the nutrients for at least seven days directly after weaning.