Extended thermal stage sulfur recovery process
A process for recovering sulfur in a sulfur recovery unit comprising the steps of reacting hydrogen sulfide and oxygen in the reaction furnace at a minimum reaction temperature to produce a reaction effluent; reducing the temperature of the reaction effluent from the minimum reaction temperature to a boiler section outlet temperature to produce a cooled effluent, the cooled effluent comprises hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur-containing contaminants; reacting the hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur-containing contaminants in the catalytic extension to produce a boiler catalytic effluent; reducing the boiler catalytic effluent temperature such that the elemental sulfur condenses to form liquid sulfur and a gases stream; reacting the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing contaminants with the oxygen to produce an oxidizer outlet stream comprises sulfur dioxide; and separating the sulfur dioxide in the scrubbing unit to produce a recycle stream and an effluent gases, the recycle stream comprises sulfur dioxide.
1. An apparatus for recovering sulfur from an acid gas stream, the apparatus comprising:
a reaction furnace, the reaction furnace configured to contain a reaction between hydrogen sulfide in the acid gas stream and oxygen in an air feed to produce a reaction effluent, where the reaction furnace operates at a minimum reaction temperature, where the reaction effluent comprises elemental sulfur;
an extended boiler stage, where the extended boiler stage comprises:
a wasteheat stage, the wasteheat stage fluidly connected to the reaction furnace, the wasteheat stage configured to capture heat energy from a reaction effluent to produce a cooled effluent, where the cooled effluent is at a boiler section outlet temperature, and
a catalytic extension physically connected to the wasteheat stage, the catalytic extension configured to allow a reaction to convert sulfur compounds to produce a boiler catalytic effluent, where the boiler catalytic effluent comprises elemental sulfur, where the catalytic extension comprises a catalyst section, where the catalyst section comprises a catalyst, where the boiler catalytic effluent is at a boiler catalytic effluent temperature;
a condenser fluidly connected to the catalytic extension, the condenser configured to condense the elemental sulfur to produce liquid sulfur and a gases stream;
a thermal oxidizer fluidly connected to the condenser, the thermal oxidizer configured to oxidize sulfur compounds in the gases stream and oxygen in an air stream to produce an oxidizer outlet stream, the oxidizer outlet stream comprising sulfur dioxide; and
a scrubbing unit fluidly connected to the thermal oxidizer, the scrubbing unit configured to separate the sulfur dioxide from the gases stream to produce a recycle stream and an effluent gases stream, where the recycle stream comprises the sulfur dioxide.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the minimum reaction temperature is between 850 deg C. and 1250 deg C.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the wasteheat stage comprises a heat exchanger.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the boiler section outlet temperature is between 148 deg C. and 254 deg C.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the boiler catalytic effluent temperature is between 250 deg C. and 400 deg C.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the catalytic extension has a gross hourly space velocity between 3000 h−1 and 6000 h−1.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the catalyst is titania extrudate.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the catalyst comprises alumina.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , where an overall conversion of sulfur compounds to elemental sulfur is greater than 99.9 mol %.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a tail gas analyzer fluidly connected to the condenser, the tail gas analyzer configured to analyze a composition of the gases stream.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor fluidly connected to the reaction furnace, the temperature sensor configured to measure the minimum reaction temperature in the reaction furnace.