Adaptive tuning for volume clamp blood pressure measurement

1. A system to provide adaptive tuning through a control system to a finger cuff connectable to a patient's finger to be used in measuring the patient's blood pressure in the patient's artery by a blood pressure measurement system utilizing a volume clamp method, the finger cuff comprising:

a light emitting diode (LED) and photodiode (PD) contained in the finger cuff to form an LED-PD pair to perform measurements of a pleth signal in the patient's artery in the volume clamp method implemented by the blood pressure measurement system; and

a bladder to apply pressure to the patient's finger and the patient's artery, wherein, when the finger cuff is placed around the patient's finger, the bladder and the LED-PD pair aid in measuring the patient's blood pressure by the blood pressure measurement system utilizing the volume clamp method, wherein the adaptive tuning system:

upon start-up, applies a first open-loop pressure impulse, to measure a pressure versus time response to determine pressure servo gains used in a pressure servo mode to compensate for delays in the pressure response of the bladder;

applies a second closed-loop pressure impulse in a closed-loop pressure servo mode and determines pleth servo gains that compensate for delays in a pleth response of the finger, wherein the pleth servo gains are determined based on dynamic response characteristics of the pleth signal to the second closed-loop pressure impulse; and

uses the determined pleth servo gains from the second close-loop pressure impulse and the determined pressure servo gains from the first open-loop pressure impulse in the control system in a closed-loop pleth and pressure servo mode tuned to the patient's finger to maintain a predetermined pleth signal value in measuring the patient's blood pressure by the blood pressure measurement system utilizing the volume clamp method.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic response characteristics comprise at least one of: a turn-on delay period, a time rate of change of a pleth signal trace during one or more portions of the response, a magnitude of signal change during one or more portions of the response, and a variation of the time rate of change or magnitude of signal change over multiple portions of the response.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the determined pleth servo gains further compensate for a viscoelastic response of the patient's finger tissue and a blood flow of the artery.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the determined pleth servo gains further allow the control system to adapt to measured AC and DC characteristics of the pleth signal from the patient's finger and adjust for errors.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the determining the pleth servo gains is repeated periodically during operation.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein coefficients are used to determine the pleth servo gains from a first time and a second time, the coefficients being variable and dependent upon physiology of the patient.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the coefficients are determined based upon measured AC and DC characteristics of the pleth signal from the patient's finger.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressure servo gains are determined based on dynamic response characteristics of the pressure signal, the dynamic response characteristics comprising at least one of: a turn-on delay period, a time rate of change of a pressure signal trace during one or more portions of the response, a magnitude of signal change during one or more portions of the response, or a variation of the time rate of change or magnitude of signal change over multiple portions of the response.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the determining the pressure servo gains is repeated periodically during operation to optimize patient blood pressure measurements.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein coefficients are used to determine the pressure servo gains from a first time and a second time, the coefficients being variable and dependent upon pressure system characteristics.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the coefficients are determined based at least in part upon a size of the finger cuff bladder.

12. A method to provide adaptive tuning through a control system to a finger cuff connectable to a patient's finger to be used in measuring the patient's blood pressure in the patient's artery by a blood pressure measurement system utilizing a volume clamp method, the finger cuff comprising: a light emitting diode (LED) and photodiode (PD) contained in the finger cuff to form an LED-PD pair to perform measurements of a pleth signal in the patient's artery in the volume clamp method implemented by the blood pressure measurement system; and a bladder to apply pressure to the patient's finger and the patient's artery, wherein, when the finger cuff is placed around the patient's finger, the bladder and the LED-PD pair aid in measuring the patient's blood pressure by the blood pressure measurement system utilizing the volume clamp method, wherein, utilizing the control system the adaptive tuning method:

upon start-up, applies a first open-loop pressure impulse, to measure a pressure versus time response to determine pressure servo gains used in a pressure servo mode to compensate for delays in the pressure response of the bladder;

applies a second closed-loop pressure impulse in a closed-loop pressure servo mode and determines pleth servo gains that compensate for delays in a pleth response of the finger, wherein the pleth servo gains are determined based on dynamic response characteristics of the pleth signal to the second closed-loop pressure impulse; and

uses the determined pleth servo gains from the second close-loop pressure impulse and the determined pressure servo gains from the first open-loop pressure impulse in the control system in a closed-loop pleth and pressure servo mode tuned to the patient's finger to maintain a predetermined pleth signal value in measuring the patient's blood pressure by the blood pressure measurement system utilizing the volume clamp method.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the dynamic response characteristics comprise at least one of: a turn-on delay period, a time rate of change of a pleth signal trace during one or more portions of the response, a magnitude of signal change during one or more portions of the response, and a variation of the time rate of change or magnitude of signal change over multiple portions of the response.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the determined pleth servo gains further compensate for a viscoelastic response of the patient's finger tissue and a blood flow of the artery.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the determined pleth servo gains further allow the control system to adapt to measured AC and DC characteristics of the pleth signal from the patient's finger and adjust for errors.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the determining the pleth servo gains is repeated periodically during operation.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein coefficients are used to determine the pleth servo gains from a first time and a second time, the coefficients being variable and dependent upon physiology of the patient.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the coefficients are determined based upon measured AC and DC characteristics of the pleth signal from the patient's finger.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pressure servo gains are determined based on dynamic response characteristics of the pressure signal, the dynamic response characteristics comprising at least one of: a turn-on delay period, a time rate of change of a pressure signal trace during one or more portions of the response, a magnitude of signal change during one or more portions of the response, or a variation of the time rate of change or magnitude of signal change over multiple portions of the response.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the determining the pressure servo gains is repeated periodically during operation to optimize patient blood pressure measurements.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein coefficients are used to determine the pressure servo gains from a first time and a second time, the coefficients being variable and dependent upon pressure system characteristics.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the coefficients are determined based at least in part upon a size of the finger cuff bladder.