MICROBIOME REGULATORS AND RELATED USES THEREOF

1 . A dosage form formulated for oral administration comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising a first microbiome regulator and a second microbiome regulator, wherein the dosage form targets the release of the composition substantially in the small intestine or large intestine, wherein:

i) the first microbiome regulator comprises a sugar or a sugar alcohol, and the second microbiome regulator comprises an amino acid, a dipeptide, a tripeptide, a tetrapeptide, or a pentapeptide;

ii) the composition comprises more than 50% (w/w) microbiome regulators;

iii) the first microbiome regulator is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, or a pentasaccharide; and

iv) the second microbiome regulator comprises cysteine or leucine.

2 - 3 . (canceled)

4 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the unit dosage form comprises a liquid dosage form or solid dosage form.

5 - 6 . (canceled)

7 . The dosage form of claim 4 , wherein the dosage form comprises a liquid dosage form for oral administration comprising a solution, syrup, a suspension, an emulsion, a tincture, or an elixir.

8 . (canceled)

9 . The dosage form of claim 4 , wherein the dosage form comprises a solid dosage form for oral administration comprising a pill, tablet, or capsule.

10 . The dosage form of claim 9 , wherein the solid dosage form for oral administration is enterically coated, coated for timed release, or coated for controlled release.

11 - 15 . (canceled)

16 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form is targeted to a portion of the small intestine chosen from the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum.

17 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form is targeted to a portion of the large intestine chosen from the cecum, colon, or rectum.

18 . (canceled)

19 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least three microbiome regulators.

20 . (canceled)

21 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the sugar or sugar alcohol comprises glucose, galactose, fructose, fucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, ribose, sucrose, sorbose, lactose, sorbitol, maltose, mannitol, lactulose, lactitol, erythritol, tagatose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, turanose, maltulose, palatinose, gentiobiulose, mannobiose, melibiulose, rutinulose, or xylobiose.

22 - 172 . (canceled)

173 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the second microbiome regulator comprises an L-amino acid or D-amino acid.

174 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the first microbiome regulator comprises a sugar or sugar alcohol that is metabolizable by the host.

175 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the microbiome regulator comprises a sugar or sugar alcohol that is non-metabolizable by the host.

176 . The dosage form of claim 19 , wherein the third microbiome regulator comprises a micronutrient.

177 . The dosage form of claim 176 , wherein the micronutrient comprises a vitamin, an element, or a mineral.

178 . The dosage form of claim 19 , wherein the third microbiome regulator comprises a fatty acid.

179 . The dosage form of claim 178 , wherein the fatty acid comprises a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), or a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA).

180 . The dosage form of claim 19 , wherein the third microbiome regulator comprises a polyphenol.

181 . The dosage form of claim 180 , wherein the polyphenol comprises a catechin, ellagitannin, isoflavone, flavonol, flavanone, anthocyanin, or lignin.

182 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form comprises an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to modulate a bacterial taxa.

183 . The dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form comprises an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to increase microbial diversity.