Time-resolved pre-treatment portal dosimetry systems, devices, and methods

1. A system for determining radiation dose delivery, comprising:

an imaging device generating images of incident radiation dose; and

a processing device operably connected to the imaging device and configured to generate a time sequence of generated images by resampling the generated images into predetermined time intervals,

the processing device being further configured to evaluate radiation dose delivery by assessing an amount of change of a parameter over time based on a result of comparing the generated images and corresponding predicted images belonging to same time intervals in the sequence.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined time intervals are time intervals between control points of a radiation treatment plan.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the parameter is the amount of voxels.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein radiation delivery is assessed based on the amount of voxels that change over time exceeding unity.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the imaging device is an electronic portal dose imaging device (EPID).

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the comparing includes using a time-dependent gamma evaluation method.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the comparing includes using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method to calculate dose differences, spatial differences, and time differences between points in the generated images and corresponding points in the predicted images.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the processing device is further configured to store the predicted images as a first data set mapped as a first 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the predicted images and store the generated images as a second data set mapped as a second 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the generated images,

wherein the comparing includes comparing the first data set with the second data set using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method.

9. A method for determining radiation dose delivery, comprising:

generating images of incident radiation;

generating a time sequence of generated images by resampling the generated images into predetermined time intervals;

comparing the generated images with corresponding predicted images belonging to same time intervals in the sequence; and

assessing an amount of change of a parameter over time based on the comparison.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined time intervals are time intervals between control points of a radiation treatment plan.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the parameter is the amount of voxels.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein radiation delivery is assessed based on the amount of voxels that change over time exceeding unity.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the comparing includes using a time-dependent gamma evaluation method.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the comparing includes using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method to calculate dose differences, spatial differences, and time differences between points in the generated images and corresponding points in the predicted images.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising storing the predicted images as a first data set mapped as a first 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the predicted images and storing the generated images as a second data set mapped as a second 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the generated images,

wherein the comparing includes comparing the first data set with the second data set using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium upon which is embodied a sequence of programmed instructions for determining radiation dose delivery in a radiation treatment system including a computer processing device which executes the sequence of programmed instructions embodied on the computer-readable storage medium to cause the computer processing device to perform the steps of:

obtaining images of incident radiation dose;

generating a time sequence of the obtained images by resampling the images into predetermined time intervals;

comparing the obtained images with corresponding predicted images belonging to same time intervals in the sequence; and

assessing an amount of change of a parameter over time based on the comparison.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the predetermined time intervals are time intervals between control points of a radiation treatment plan.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the parameter is the amount of voxels.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18 , wherein radiation delivery is assessed based on the amount of voxels that change over time exceeding unity.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the comparing includes using a time-dependent gamma evaluation method.

21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20 , wherein the comparing includes using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method to calculate dose differences, spatial differences, and time differences between points in the obtained images and corresponding points in the predicted images.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21 , further comprising storing the predicted images as a first data set mapped as a first 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the predicted images and storing the obtained images as a second data set mapped as a second 4D array including positional information and time information of the points in the obtained images,

wherein the comparing includes comparing the first data set with the second data set using the time-dependent gamma evaluation method.