Navigation systems for wheeled carts
Examples of systems and methods for locating movable objects such as carts (e.g., shopping carts) are disclosed. Such systems and methods can use dead reckoning techniques to estimate the current position of the movable object. Various techniques for improving accuracy of position estimates are disclosed, including compensation for various error sources involving the use of magnetometer and accelerometer, and using vibration analysis to derive wheel rotation rates. Various techniques utilize characteristics of the operating environment in conjunction with or in lieu of dead reckoning techniques, including characteristic of environment such as ground texture, availability of signals from radio frequency (RF) transmitters including precision fix sources. Navigation techniques can include navigation history and backtracking, motion direction detection for dual swivel casters, use of gyroscopes, determining cart weight, multi-level navigation, multi-level magnetic measurements, use of lighting signatures, use of multiple navigation systems, or hard/soft iron compensation for different cart configurations.
1. A human-propelled, wheeled cart comprising:
a first magnetometer configured to record first magnetic data, the first magnetometer disposed at a first height;
a second magnetometer configured to record second magnetic data, the second magnetometer disposed at a second height that is different from the first height; and
a navigation system configured to receive the first magnetic data and the second magnetic data;
the navigation system further configured to determine:
a first location of the cart based at least partly on the first magnetic data, the first location associated with a first confidence;
a second location of the cart based at least partly on the second magnetic data, the second location associated with a second confidence; and
a location of the cart based at least partly on (i) the first location and the second location and (ii) the first magnetic data, the second magnetic data, or both the first and the second magnetic data.
2. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein the first and second magnetometers are fixed to a frame of the cart.
3. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein:
the first magnetometer is mounted to a handle of the cart; and
the second magnetometer is mounted to a rail of a basket of the cart, the rail disposed below the handle of the cart.
4. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein the first or the second magnetometer is coupled to a frame of the cart.
5. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to determine the location of the cart based at least partly on the first confidence and the second confidence.
6. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 5 , wherein the location of the cart comprises a weighted average of the first location and the second location, and wherein weights of the weighted average are based at least partly on the first and the second confidences.
7. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein the navigation system is configured to:
determine that the first location does not match the second location; and
in response to the determination that the first location does not match the second location:
determine the location of the cart as being between the first location and the second location; or
determine the location using a backtrack algorithm.
8. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 1 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to:
store a magnetic field map of an environment for the cart, the magnetic field map comprising a multi-layer map having first magnetic signatures corresponding to the first height and second magnetic signatures corresponding to the second height; and
determine the location of the cart based at least partly on the magnetic field map.
9. A human-propelled, wheeled cart comprising:
a first magnetometer configured to record first magnetic data, the first magnetometer disposed at a first height;
a second magnetometer configured to record second magnetic data, the second magnetometer disposed at a second height that is different from the first height; and
a navigation system configured to receive the first magnetic data and the second magnetic data,
the navigation system further configured to:
store a magnetic field map of an environment for the cart, the magnetic field map comprising a multi-layer map having first magnetic signatures corresponding to the first height and second magnetic signatures corresponding to the second height;
determine a location of the cart based at least partly on (i) the magnetic field map and (ii) the first magnetic data, the second magnetic data, or both the first and the second magnetic data.
10. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the first and second magnetometers are fixed to the frame.
11. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein:
the first magnetometer is disposed in the navigation system which is mounted to a handle of the cart; and
the second magnetometer is disposed in a wheel of the cart.
12. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the first or the second magnetometer is coupled to a basket of the cart.
13. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to determine:
a first location of the cart based at least partly on the first magnetic data, the first location associated with a first confidence;
a second location of the cart based at least partly on the second magnetic data, the second location associated with a second confidence; and
the location of the cart based at least partly on the first location and the second location.
14. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to determine the location of the cart based at least partly on detecting a match between the first magnetic data and the first magnetic signatures or a match between the second magnetic data and the second magnetic signatures.
15. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to communicate the magnetic field map and cart navigation history data to a remote processor.
16. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 15 , wherein the remote processor is programmed to analyze the magnetic field map and the cart navigation history data to determine changes in the magnetic field map.
17. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 15 , wherein the remote processor is further programmed to learn a magnetic signature of a structure in which the cart is propelled based at least partly on the determined changes in the magnetic field map.
18. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 9 , wherein the navigation system is further configured to determine a correction vector to compensate for distortions in a geomagnetic field at the location of the cart.
19. The human-propelled, wheeled cart of claim 18 , wherein the correction vector is determined to at least partially compensate for horizontally or vertically stratified magnetic anomalies in a structure in which the cart is propelled.