Watermarking in a virtual desktop infrastructure environment
Disclosed are examples of embedding watermarks in a VDI session of a user. The watermark is based upon the user's identity and can be embedded into the VDI session to aid in the identification of data that is compromised from the VDI session. The watermark can be extracted from an image without needing the original image for extraction purposes.
1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program for generating a watermarked image that is executable in at least one computing device, wherein when executed, the program causes the at least one computing device to at least:
obtain an image corresponding to a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) desktop associated with a user;
generate a watermarking fingerprint based upon an identity of the user;
generate a watermarking payload based upon the watermarking fingerprint;
perform at least one discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the image to produce a plurality of wavelet functions, the DWT performed on a Y channel extracted from the image in a YUV color encoding system to create a watermarked Y channel, wherein the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions correspond to the watermarked Y channel;
embed the watermarking payload into the plurality of wavelet functions to produce a plurality of watermarked wavelet functions using a multiplicative embedding rule that characterizes the Y channel with a gain factor, a sequence of watermark signals from the watermarking payload, and an amplitude associated with a data point of the DWT, the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions comprising the watermarked Y channel, an un-watermarked U channel, and an un-watermarked V channel;
generate the watermarked image from the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions using an inverse discrete wavelet transform; and
transmit the watermarked image to a client device executing a VDI client associated with the user.
2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the watermarking fingerprint is generated by computing an output of a key derivation function, wherein a username and a domain associated with the user are used as inputs to the key derivation function.
3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2 , wherein the key derivation function comprises Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2).
4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the watermarking payload comprises an array of coefficients, the array of coefficients generated by inputting the watermarking fingerprint into a random number generator configured to output at least one of: an array of random numbers or an array of pseudorandom numbers.
5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4 , wherein the watermarking payload is embedded into the plurality of wavelet functions by multiplying the array of coefficients with respective coefficients corresponding to the plurality of wavelet functions.
6. A method for generating a watermarked image, comprising:
obtaining an image corresponding to a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) desktop associated with a user;
generating a watermarking fingerprint based upon an identity of the user;
generating a watermarking payload based upon the watermarking fingerprint;
performing at least one discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the image to produce a plurality of wavelet functions, the DWT performed on a Y channel extracted from the image in a YUV color encoding system to create a watermarked Y channel, wherein the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions correspond to the watermarked Y channel;
embedding the watermarking payload into the plurality of wavelet functions using a multiplicative embedding rule that characterizes the Y channel with a gain factor, a sequence of watermark signals from the watermarking payload, and an amplitude associated with a data point of the DWT to produce a plurality of watermarked wavelet functions, the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions comprising the watermarked Y channel, an un-watermarked U channel, and an un-watermarked V channel;
generating the watermarked image from the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions using an inverse discrete wavelet transform; and
transmitting the watermarked image to a client device executing a VDI client associated with the user.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the watermarking fingerprint is generated by computing an output of a key derivation function, wherein a username and a domain associated with the user are used as inputs to the key derivation function.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the key derivation function comprises Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2).
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the watermarking payload comprises an array of coefficients, the array of coefficients generated by inputting the watermarking fingerprint into a random number generator configured to output at least one of: an array of random numbers or an array of pseudorandom numbers.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the watermarking payload is embedded into the plurality of wavelet functions by multiplying the array of coefficients with respective coefficients corresponding to the plurality of wavelet functions.
11. A system for generating a watermarked image, comprising:
at least one computing device in data communication with a client device over a network;
program code that, when executed by the at least one computing device, causes the at least one computing device to:
obtain an image corresponding to a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) desktop associated with a user;
generate a watermarking fingerprint based upon an identity of the user;
generate a watermarking payload based upon the watermarking fingerprint;
perform at least one discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the image to produce a plurality of wavelet functions, the DWT performed on a Y channel extracted from the image in a YUV color encoding system to create a watermarked Y channel, wherein the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions correspond to the watermarked Y channel;
embed the watermarking payload into the plurality of wavelet functions using a multiplicative embedding rule that characterizes the Y channel with a gain factor, a sequence of watermark signals from the watermarking payload, and an amplitude associated with a data point of the DWT to produce a plurality of watermarked wavelet functions, the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions comprising the watermarked Y channel, an un-watermarked U channel, and an un-watermarked V channel;
generate the watermarked image from the plurality of watermarked wavelet functions using an inverse discrete wavelet transform; and
transmit the watermarked image to the client device executing a VDI client associated with the user.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the watermarking fingerprint is generated by computing an output of a key derivation function, wherein a username and a domain associated with the user are used as inputs to the key derivation function.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the key derivation function comprises Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2).
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the watermarking payload comprises an array of coefficients, the array of coefficients generated by inputting the watermarking fingerprint into a random number generator configured to output at least one of: an array of random numbers or an array of pseudorandom numbers.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the watermarking payload is embedded into the plurality of wavelet functions by multiplying the array of coefficients with respective coefficients corresponding to the plurality of wavelet functions.