Opto-electrical device and method for artifact reduction
An optical electrode having a plurality of electrodes, including a recording electrode having a roughened surface and an optical light source configured to emit light, wherein at least a portion of the light impinges on the recording electrode. Also disclosed are methods of producing an optical electrode and an opto-electronic neural interface system.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a carrier;
an electrode disposed on the carrier, wherein the electrode is configured to sense and record neural signals in a body tissue, and wherein the electrode has a roughened surface; and
a light source disposed on the carrier, wherein the light source is configured to emit light to illuminate at least a portion of the body tissue, wherein at least a portion of the light is directed at the roughened surface of the electrode.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a plurality of additional electrodes, wherein at least one of the additional electrodes is a stimulation electrode configured to provide electrical stimulation to the body tissue.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:
the electrode and the additional electrodes are arranged in an array that extends in a longitudinal direction; and
the light source is aligned with the array in the longitudinal direction.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:
the carrier has a cylindrical shape; and
the electrode and the additional electrodes are disposed circumferentially around the carrier.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the additional electrodes is a recording electrode having an unroughened surface.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light source provides illumination that is parallel to a surface of the carrier on which the electrode is disposed.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface has an average roughness greater than 10 nanometers.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface includes recesses or pores.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the recesses or pores are randomly distributed.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface includes patterned grooves, cross-hatchings, protrusions, or depressions.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface is substantially free of transparent or semi-transparent conductors.
12. An apparatus, comprising:
a carrier;
a recording electrode and a stimulation electrode each disposed on the carrier,
wherein the recording electrode is configured to sense and record neural signals in a body tissue,
wherein the stimulation electrode is configured to provide electrical stimulation to the body tissue,
wherein the recording electrode comprises a roughened external material having a back side attached to an electrically conductive material to thereby provide the recording electrode with a roughened surface forming a front side of the roughened external material,
and wherein the roughened surface has an average roughness greater than 10 nanometers; and
a light source disposed on the carrier, wherein the light source is configured to illuminate at least a portion of the body tissue and the roughened surface of the recording electrode.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the roughened surface includes:
a plurality of randomly distributed recesses or pores; or
a plurality of periodically distributed grooves, cross-hatchings, protrusions, or depressions.