Method of analyzing animal urine
A test pad comprising multiple urine attribute patches and urine detection patches in a BAYER pattern is described. The test pad is suitable for automated urine analysis of multiple animals in a cage. Generalized detection patches may be arranged adjacent to and surrounding each individual test patch for a specific urine attribute. First, fresh urine is detected in a detection patch with a camera; a timer is started; then adjacent urine attribute patches are read. Once a test patch has been used once it is disregarded for future analysis.
1. A method of measuring attributes of animal urine comprising the steps of:
(i) placing a test patch pad in a vivarium cage comprising an animal identification element;
wherein the test patch pad comprises a test patch layer comprising:
a plurality of different urine test patches, each different urine test patch comprising one or more respective urine test chemicals that change color responsive to a respective urine attribute;
a plurality of urine detection patches, wherein the urine detection patches are different from any urine test patch, and wherein each urine detection patch comprises one or more chemicals that change color responsive to presence of any urine of a first animal;
wherein each different urine test patch is at least partially surrounded by and proximal to one or more of the urine detection patches;
the urine detection patches and urine test patches are arranged in a BAYER pattern, wherein the urine detection patches are arranged in a checkerboard pattern within the BAYER pattern and the urine test patches are distributed among the remaining location in the BAYER pattern;
a wicking layer above the test patch layer;
a transparent protection layer with holes, above the wicking layer;
a non-porous substrate below the test patch layer;
wherein the urine detection patches and the urine test patches are on the test patch layer;
(ii) detecting via a first camera first fresh urine responsive to the urine detection patches;
(iii) identifying the first animal that produced the first fresh urine of step (ii) responsive to the mouse identification element;
(iv) reading via a second camera a first plurality of test patches;
(v) recording the first test results from step (iv);
wherein the first and second cameras may be the same camera.
2. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional steps of:
(vi) recording the locations of the test patches in the first plurality, from step (iv);
(vii) repeating steps (ii) through (v) for second fresh urine from a second animal recording a second plurality of test patches;
wherein the second animal may be the same as the first animal;
wherein the second plurality of test patches comprises none of the test patches in the first plurality of test patches.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional steps of:
(viii) reading via the first camera the state of a set of urine detection patches wherein the set comprises all urine detection patches proximal to a first urine test patch;
(ix) recording or rejecting a test result from the first urine test patch responsive to the states of the urine detection patches in the set.
4. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional steps of:
(x) starting a first timer responsive to the detecting in step (ii);
(xi) delaying the reading in step (iv) until the expiration of the first timer.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the vivarium cage further comprises an IR light source and an IR camera; and
wherein the detecting in step (ii) is performed using the IR light source and the IR camera.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the vivarium cage further comprises a white light source and a color camera; and
wherein the reading step (iv) is performed using the white light source and the second camera; wherein the second camera is a color camera.
7. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional steps of:
(x) starting a first timer responsive to the detection in step (ii);
(xi) delaying the reading in step (iv) until the expiration of the first timer; and
wherein the vivarium cage further comprises an IR light source and an IR camera;
wherein the detecting in step (ii) is performed using the IR light source and the first camera, which is an IR camera;
wherein the vivarium cage further comprises a white light source and the second camera is a color camera; and
wherein the reading step (iv) is performed using the white light source and the second camera; and
wherein the white light source is turned on after the expiration of the first timer, before the reading in step (iv), and turned off after the reading in step (iv).
8. The method of claim 7 comprising the additional step of:
(xii) observing the location in the vivarium cage of the first animal and blocking the turning on the white light if the location of the first animal, at the expiration of the first timer, is less than a predetermined distance from the pad.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the vivarium cage further comprises a stimulation element adapted to stimulate the first animal to move;
and the method comprises the further step of:
(xiii) turning on the stimulation element after detecting in step (ii) and before the reading in step (iv).
10. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional steps of:
(xiv) reading via the second camera a color of each of a plurality of reference spots;
(xv) comparing the read test patches in step (iv) with the read color reference spots in step (xiv); and
(xvi) determining test results responsive to the comparing step in (xv);
wherein the color reference spots are in the vivarium cage;
wherein the reading step (xiv) may be prior to step (ii) or between steps (iv) and (v) and the comparing step (xv) is after step (iv).
11. The method of claim 10 wherein:
the reading step (xiv) is between steps (iv) and (v).
12. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the method may perform the identifying step (iii) either prior to step (ii), or between steps (ii) and (iv), or after step (iv), wherein the method dynamically determines which of these three order options each time the method is performed.