Antenna structure and mobile device
An antenna structure includes a metal mechanism element, a ground element, a feeding radiation element, a coupling element, a dielectric substrate, and a switchable circuit. The metal mechanism element has a slot. The feeding radiation element extends across the slot. A coupling gap is formed between the feeding radiation element and the coupling element. The feeding radiation element and the coupling element are disposed on the dielectric substrate. The switchable circuit includes a first metal element, a second metal element, a reactance element, a capacitor, and a diode. The first metal element is coupled to the coupling element. The reactance element is embedded in the first metal element. The second metal element is coupled through the capacitor to the ground element. The diode is coupled between the first metal element and the second metal element. The diode is turned on or off according to the control voltage difference.
1. An antenna structure, comprising:
a metal mechanism element, having a slot;
a ground element, coupled to the metal mechanism element;
a feeding radiation element, coupled to a signal source, wherein the feeding radiation element extends across the slot;
a coupling element, disposed adjacent to the feeding radiation element, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the feeding radiation element and the coupling element;
a dielectric substrate, wherein the feeding radiation element and the coupling element are disposed on the dielectric substrate; and
a switchable circuit, comprising:
a first metal element, coupled to the coupling element;
a reactance element, embedded in the first metal element;
a second metal element;
a capacitor, wherein the second metal element is coupled through the capacitor to the ground element; and
a diode, coupled between the first metal element and the second metal element, wherein the diode is turned on or turned off according to a control voltage difference.
2. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal mechanism element is a metal back cover of a mobile device.
3. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the slot is a closed slot with a first closed end and a second closed end.
4. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ground element is a ground copper foil extending from the metal mechanism element onto the dielectric substrate.
5. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feeding radiation element substantially has a straight-line shape.
6. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feeding radiation element has a variable-width structure.
7. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the feeding radiation element comprises a narrow portion and a wide portion, the wide portion has a vertical projection on the metal mechanism element, and the vertical projection at least partially overlaps the slot.
8. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the feeding radiation element further comprises a first protruding portion coupled to a positive electrode of the signal source, and the ground element further comprises a second protruding portion coupled to a negative electrode of the signal source.
9. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the first protruding element of the feeding radiation element is coupled to the narrow portion of the feeding radiation element.
10. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coupling element has a meandering structure.
11. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diode has an anode coupled to the first metal element, and a cathode coupled to the second metal element.
12. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the first metal element and the second metal element substantially has a straight-line shape.
13. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first metal element and the second metal element are configured to receive the control voltage difference.
14. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein when the control voltage difference becomes smaller, the diode is turned off and the antenna structure covers a first frequency interval, and when the control voltage difference becomes larger, the diode is turned on and the antenna structure covers a second frequency interval which is higher than the first frequency interval.
15. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the antenna structure has an operation frequency band which is from 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz and/or from 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz.
16. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 15 , wherein a length of the slot is substantially equal to 0.5 wavelength of the lowest frequency of the operation frequency band.
17. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 15 , wherein a length of the feeding radiation element is substantially equal to 0.25 wavelength of the lowest frequency of the operation frequency band.
18. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 15 , wherein a length of the coupling element is substantially equal to 0.25 wavelength of the lowest frequency of the operation frequency band.
19. An antenna structure, comprising:
a metal mechanism element, having a slot;
a ground element, coupled to the metal mechanism element;
a feeding radiation element, coupled to a signal source, wherein the feeding radiation element extends across the slot;
a coupling element, disposed adjacent to the feeding radiation element, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the feeding radiation element and the coupling element;
a dielectric substrate, wherein the feeding radiation element and the coupling element are disposed on the dielectric substrate; and
a switchable circuit, comprising:
a first metal element, coupled to the coupling element;
a first resistor, embedded in the first metal element;
a second metal element;
a second resistor, embedded in the second metal element; and
a BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor), operated according to a control voltage difference, wherein the BJT has an emitter coupled to the ground element, a base coupled to the second metal element, and a collector coupled to the first metal element.
20. A mobile device, comprising:
a metal mechanism element, having a slot;
a ground element, coupled to the metal mechanism element;
a feeding radiation element, coupled to a signal source, wherein the feeding radiation element extends across the slot;
a coupling element, disposed adjacent to the feeding radiation element, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the feeding radiation element and the coupling element;
a dielectric substrate, wherein the feeding radiation element and the coupling element are disposed on the dielectric substrate; and
a switchable circuit, comprising:
a first metal element, coupled to the coupling element;
an inductor, embedded in the first metal element;
a second metal element;
a capacitor, wherein the second metal element is coupled through the capacitor to the ground element; and
a diode, coupled between the first metal element and the second metal element, wherein the diode is turned on or turned off according to a control voltage difference;
wherein an antenna structure is formed by the metal mechanism element, the ground element, the feeding radiation element, the coupling element, the dielectric substrate, and the switchable circuit.