Thin film lithium conducting powder material deposition from flux
The present invention is directed to battery technologies and processing techniques thereof. In various embodiments, ceramic electrolyte powder material (or component thereof) is mixed with two or more flux to form a fluxed powder material. The fluxed powder material is shaped and heated again at a temperature less than 1100° C. to form a dense lithium conducting material. There are other variations and embodiments as well.
1. A method for material, the method comprising:
providing a lithium conducting ceramic powder material at a first quantity, the lithium conducting ceramic powder material being characterized by a median particle size of about 100 nm to 10 μm;
providing a first flux material at a second quantity, the second quantity being less than 51% of the first quantity, the first flux material comprising lithium material, the first flux material being characterized by a melting temperature of about 500-1000° C.;
providing a second flux material at a third quantity, the second flux material being characterized by a melting temperature of about 500-1000° C.;
mixing at least the first flux material and the second flux material to form a eutectic mixture, the eutectic mixture being characterized by a melting point of less than 800° C.;
subjecting the eutectic mixture a temperature of about 100 to 1100° C.;
mixing the eutectic mixture with the lithium conducting ceramic powder material to form a fluxed ceramic powder material;
shaping the fluxed ceramic powder material in to a predetermine shape;
heating the shaped fluxed ceramic powder material to a temperature of less than 1100° C.;
increasing the density of the lithium conducting material by at least 20%; and
wherein the lithium conducting ceramic powder material is characterized by the formula:
Li A La B M′ C M″ D Zr E O F , where 4<A<8.5, 1.5<B<4, 0≤C≤2, 0≤D≤2, 0≤E≤2, 10<F<14; and M′ is selected from Al, Mo, W, Nb, Sb, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ce, Hf, Rb, and Ta; and M″ is selected from Al, Mo, W, Nb, Sb, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ce, Hf, Rb, and Ta.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first flux material comprises inorganic salts of lithium material.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a substrate material, the substrate having a metallic surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , comprising increasing the density of the lithium conducting ceramic powder by at least 40%.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising melting the lithium conducting ceramic powder material by the eutectic mixture at a temperature of less than 800° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving the lithium conducting ceramic powder material by the eutectic mixture at a temperature of less than 800° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the eutectic material comprises less than 80% of a total mass of the fluxed ceramic powder material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined shape is disc, sheet, cylinder, or pellet.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second quantity being about 15-30% of the first quantity.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first flux material comprises one or more material selected from LiOH, LiCl, LiBr, LiNO 3 , Li 3 BO 3 , and LiSO 4 .
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the second flux material comprises one or more materials selected from NaOH, NaCl, NaNO 3 , NaSO 4 , NaBr, and Na 2 CO 3 .
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the eutectic mixture is characterized by a melting point of about 200 to 800° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the flux material to a temperature of about 200 to 1000° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium conducting ceramic powder material being characterized by a median particle size of about 100 nm to 2 μm.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium conducting ceramic powder material comprises a garnet material.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymer material and a metal surface overlaying the polymer material.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a third flux material at a fourth quantity, the third flux material comprising KOH, KCl, KNO 3 , KSO 4 , KBr, or K 2 CO.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the first flux material and the second flux material by subjecting the dense lithium conducting material to one or more solvent washings, the one or more solvent comprising water, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, an acid, or a base.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dense lithium conducting material is deposited on a metal conductive material.