Systems and methods for controlling blood pressure
A system for controlling blood pressure includes a wearable interface having an internal contact surface, the wearable interface configured to at least partially encircle a first portion of a first limb of a subject, a sensing module carried by the wearable interface and configured to determine at least a change in blood pressure of the first limb of the subject, and an energy application module carried by the wearable interface and configured to apply energy of two or more types to the first limb of the subject.
1. A system for controlling blood pressure, comprising:
a wearable interface having an internal contact surface, the wearable interface configured to at least partially encircle a first portion of a first limb of a subject;
a sensor carried by the wearable interface and configured to be in proximity of the first portion of the first limb of the subject and to output a signal for determining at least a change in blood pressure of the subject at the first limb;
an energy applicator carried by the wearable interface and configured to apply therapeutic energy of two or more types to a deep nerve within the first limb of the subject; and
wherein the therapeutic energy of two or more types comprises vibrational energy and electrical stimulation energy.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is further configured to measure electrocardiography data from the first limb of the subject.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor comprises a blood pressure sensor and an electrode configured to measure the electrocardiography data.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vibrational energy is provided by one or more piezoelectric elements of the energy applicator.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical stimulation energy is provided by one or more electrodes of the energy applicator.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein each of the one or more electrodes is configured to contact skin at the first portion of the first limb of the subject.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy applicator comprises a hydrogel and is removably attachable to the wearable interface and configured to provide at least a portion of the internal contact surface of the wearable interface.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the internal contact surface is adjustable to provide a functional fit on a variety of limb sizes.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a first electrode coupled to the internal contact surface at a first position and a second electrode coupled to the internal contact surface at a second position, the first and second electrodes configured to measure an impedance in the first portion of the first limb.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first electrode coupled to the internal contact surface and a second electrode carried on an externally-facing surface of the system such that the first electrode is configured to contact skin at the first portion of the first limb of the subject, and the second electrode is configured to be contacted by skin from a portion of the subject other than the first limb of the subject.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to obtain electrocardiography data from the subject when the first electrode contacts skin at the first portion of the first limb of the subject and the second electrode contacts skin from a digit of a second limb of the subject.
12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to receive data from the sensor, and further configured to apply the therapeutic energy of two or more types to the deep nerve within the first limb of the subject in a first predetermined pattern, the first predetermined pattern at least partially determined by the data received from the sensor.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first predetermined pattern has a start time, a duration, and an end time.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein at least a portion of the duration of the first predetermined pattern comprises applying the vibrational energy and electrical stimulation energy simultaneously.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the duration of the first predetermined pattern is less than about 15 minutes.
16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured to modify operation of the energy applicator over time.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the modification of the operation of the energy applicator is based on at least some measured changes in cardiovascular parameters in the subject.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is an inflatable cuff configured to compress one or more arteries in the limb of the subject.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a hydrogel and is removably attachable to the wearable interface and configured to provide at least a portion of the internal contact surface of the wearable interface.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises at least one modality selected from the list consisting of: photoplethysmography and ultrasound.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first limb comprises an arm and the deep nerve comprises a median nerve.
22. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first limb comprises an arm and the deep nerve comprises a radial nerve.
23. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first limb comprises an arm and the deep nerve comprises an ulnar nerve.
24. The system of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the one or more piezoelectric elements of the energy applicator is configured to vibrate at a frequency of between about 20 kHZ and about 1 MHz.
25. The system of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the one or more piezoelectric elements of the energy applicator is configured to vibrate at a frequency of between about 20 kHZ and about 700 kHz.