Lithium oxyhalide battery separator material
Methods for producing ceramic films Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3YSZ) and aluminum titanate (Al 2 TiO 5 ), and the physical properties of these films are described. The films produced have thicknesses and integrity suitable for handling and corrosion resistance to electrolytes, porosity, ion permeability and electrical resistivity suitable for use as separators between positive and negative layers for forming electrical batteries, particularly lithium batteries.
1. A lithium oxyhalide battery comprising layers of negative and positive electrode materials, the layers of said negative and positive electrode materials spaced apart by one or more layers of a flexible Al 2 TiO 5 or Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ceramic battery separator to form a layered structure with the positive electrode material connected to a positive current collector and the negative electrode material connected to a negative current collector to form a layered structure.
2. The electrical battery of claim 1 wherein the one or more layers of the preformed, cast flexible Al 2 TiO 5 or Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ceramic battery separator comprise a substantially flat ceramic film having a thickness from about 25-290 μm.
3. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein said ceramic film has physical properties suitable for use as a porous separator for use in said electrical battery.
4. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the preformed, cast flexible ceramic film comprising Al 2 TiO 5 has an ion permeability from about 1.1×10 −15 to about 1.8×10 −15 cm 2 /sec.
5. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the Al 2 TiO 5 ceramic film is inert to exposure to electrolytes.
6. The electrical battery of claim 5 wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of HCl, KOH, NaOH, LiCl, thionyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride.
7. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the preformed, cast Al 2 TiO 5 film has pore sizes from about 0.5 to about 42 μm.
8. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the preformed, cast Al 2 TiO 5 film has an electrical resistivity of >5.4×10 8 Ohm-cm.
9. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the preformed, cast Al 2 TiO 5 film has an ion permeability from about 1.1×10 −15 to about 1.8×10 −15 cm 2 /sec.
10. The electrical battery of claim 2 wherein the preformed, cast Yttria Stabilized Zirconia film has an ion permeability from about 3.5×10 −16 to about 6.2×10 −16 CM 2 /sec.
11. The electrical battery of claim 1 wherein the layered structure is formed into a rolled structure.
12. The lithium oxyhalide battery of claim 1 wherein the flexible Al 2 TiO 5 or Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ceramic battery separator is formed by
a. casting a film of ceramic particles in combination with a fugitive organic binder, said particles in a first instance a final size after milling ranging from 15-30 μm and in a second instance a final size after milling from 5-20 μm to form a tape,
b. drying the tape at ambient temperature with relative humidity (RH) ranging from 30-60%
c. pressing the dry tape at about 0-3 Klb and about 25-52° C.,
d. placing the dry tape on an inert substrate and heating the dry tape in air at least 1500° C. for at least 8 hours to form a fired tape, and
e. cooling the fired tape to room temperature over a period of 2-12 hours.
13. The lithium oxyhalide battery of claim 12 further including forming the flexible Al 2 TiO 5 or Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ceramic battery separator by applying pressure to the dry tape during the formation of the fired tape.