NANOPARTICLE COATING ON SURFACES
A nanoparticle coated hydrogel may be formed by a method of electrospraying nanoparticles on to a surface includes providing a drug and polymer combination in solvent to an inner capillary of a coaxial dual capillary spray nozzle. A coating with a drug that releases over time may be provided. Open and closed matrixes may be selectively formed to help modify time release periods.
1 . A surface having a nanoparticle coating deposited on the surface by electrospray.
2 .- 20 . (canceled)
21 . A method of electrospraying nanoparticles on to a surface, the method comprising:
providing a first liquid diluent to a first outer opening of a first spray head and a first liquid spray composition to a first inner opening of the first spray head, the first inner opening concentric with the first outer opening wherein the first liquid spray composition includes a first active ingredient and wherein the first liquid diluent includes a first solvent;
applying a first potential difference of a first polarity between the surface and the first spray head; and
forming a first closed matrix coating on the surface including spraying the first liquid diluent and the first liquid spray composition simultaneously from the first spray head onto the surface to provide first charged particles on the surface, wherein a flow rate of the first liquid diluent is greater than eight times the flow rate of the first liquid spray composition and wherein the first closed matrix coating includes greater than two-thirds of particles of the first liquid spray composition bonded together so that the greater than two-thirds of particles are indistinguishable under microscopy.
22 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
applying a second potential difference of a second polarity between (a) the surface and the first closed matrix coating and (b) the first spray head, the second polarity opposite the first polarity; and
forming a second closed matrix coating on and bonded to the first closed matrix coating including spraying the first liquid diluent and the first liquid spray composition from the first spray head onto the surface to increase a depth of bound coating and provide second charged particles with opposite polarity of the first charged particles.
23 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
providing a second liquid diluent to a second outer opening of a second spray head and a second liquid spray composition to a second inner opening of the second spray head, the second inner opening concentric with the second outer opening, wherein the second liquid spray composition includes a second active ingredient, and wherein the second liquid diluent includes a second solvent;
applying another potential difference between the surface and the second spray head; and
forming a first open or intermediate film coating on and bonded to the first closed matrix coating including spraying the second liquid diluent and the second liquid spray composition simultaneously from the second spray head onto the surface to provide second charged particles on the first charged particles, wherein a flow rate of the second liquid diluent is less than eight times the flow rate of the first liquid spray composition.
24 . The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
providing a second liquid diluent to a second outer opening of a second spray head and a second liquid spray composition to a second inner opening of the second spray head, the second inner opening concentric with the second outer opening;
applying a second potential difference of a second polarity between the surface and the second spray head, the second polarity opposite the first polarity; and
forming an intermediate matrix coating on and bonded to the first closed matrix coating including spraying the second liquid diluent and the second liquid spray composition from the second spray head onto the surface to increase a depth of bound coating and provide second charged particles with opposite polarity of the first charged particles, wherein a flow rate of the second liquid diluent is controlled such that the second charged particles form the intermediate matrix coating.
25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the first particles are further bonded to the surface.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein a dielectric constant of the solvent is in a range of between about 0 and 80.
27 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising promoting formation of the open film coating including providing a gas spray alongside the first spray head to help in evaporating the solvent after the solvent has left the first spray head.
28 . A method of electrospraying nanoparticles on to a surface, the method comprising:
providing a first liquid diluent to a first outer opening of a first spray head and a first liquid spray composition to a first inner opening of the first spray head, the first inner opening concentric with the first outer opening, wherein the first liquid spray composition includes a first active ingredient;
applying a first potential difference of a first polarity between the surface and the first spray head; and
forming a first intermediate matrix coating including spraying the first liquid diluent and the first liquid spray composition simultaneously from the first spray head onto the surface to provide first charged particles on the surface, wherein a flow rate of the first liquid diluent is less than eight times the flow rate of the first liquid spray composition and wherein the first intermediate matrix coating includes less than two-thirds of particles and greater than a third of the particles of the first liquid spray composition bonded together so that less than two-thirds but greater than one-third of the particles are indistinguishable under microscopy.
29 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising:
applying a second potential difference of a second polarity between (a) the surface and the first intermediate matrix coating and (b) the first spray head, the second polarity opposite the first polarity; and
forming a second intermediate matrix coating on and bonded to the first intermediate matrix coating including spraying the first liquid diluent and the first liquid spray composition from the first spray head onto the surface to increase a depth of bound coating and provide second charged particles with opposite polarity of the first charged particles.
30 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising:
providing a second liquid diluent to a second outer opening of a second spray head and a second liquid spray composition to a second inner opening of the second spray head, the second inner opening concentric with the second outer opening, wherein the second liquid spray composition includes a second active ingredient;
applying another potential difference between the surface and the second spray head; and
forming an open matrix coating on and bonded to the first intermediate matrix coating including spraying the second liquid diluent and the second liquid spray composition simultaneously from the second spray head onto the surface to provide second charged particles on the first charged particles, wherein a flow rate of the second liquid diluent is less than eight times the flow rate of the first liquid spray composition and wherein the open matrix coating includes particles of the second liquid spray composition bonded to each other and includes openings therein that extend at least one nominal diameter of the second charged particles.
31 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising:
providing a second liquid diluent to a second outer opening of a second spray head and a second liquid spray composition to second inner opening of the second spray head, the second inner opening concentric with the second outer opening;
applying a second potential difference of a second polarity between the surface and the second spray head, the second polarity opposite the first polarity; and
forming a second intermediate matrix coating on and bonded to the first intermediate matrix coating including spraying the second liquid diluent and the second liquid spray composition from the second spray head onto the surface to increase a depth of bound coating and provide second charged particles with opposite polarity of the first charged particles, wherein a flow rate of the second liquid diluent is controlled such that the second charged particles form the second intermediate matrix coating.
32 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the first intermediate matrix coating is bonded to the surface.
33 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising promoting formation of the open matrix coating including providing a gas spray alongside the first spray head to help in evaporating the solvent after the solvent has left the first spray head.
34 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the active ingredient is a biologically active ingredient.