Protective coating composition and coated metallic substrate comprising same
A surface-protective coating forming composition exhibiting excellent shelf life (storage stability) and cured coating performance is derived from alkoxysilane and a plurality of metal oxides.
1. A coating forming composition comprising:
(i) at least one alkoxysilane
(ii) a plurality of metal oxides, the metal oxides selected from at least one each of (a) alumina, (b) zirconia, and (c) silica, the silica having an average particle size of from about 5 to about 150 nm; the total amount of metal oxide (a), (b), and (c) is from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of the coating forming composition;
(iii) at least one water miscible organic solvent;
(iv) at least one acid hydrolysis catalyst;
(v) water;
(vi) optionally a matting agent; and
(vii) at least one condensation catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium carboxylates of the formula [(C 4 H 9 ) 4 N] + [OC(O)—R 7 ] − in which R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and aromatic groups containing about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
2. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one alkoxy silane is selected from the group consisting of Formula A, Formula B, or a mixture of Formula A and Formula B:
(X—R 1 ) a Si(R 2 ) b (OR 3 ) 4−(a+b) Formula A
(R 3 O) 3 Si—R 5 —Si(OR 3 ) 3 Formula B
or hydrolyzed and condensed products thereof,
wherein:
X is an organofunctional group;
each R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic divalent organic group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more heteroatoms;
each R 2 independently is an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group of from 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more halogen atoms;
each R 3 independently is an alkyl group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms;
R 5 is a linear, branched or cyclic divalent organic group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; and
subscript a is 0 or 1, subscript b is 0, 1 or 2 and a+b is 0, 1 or 2.
3. The coating forming composition of claim 2 , wherein the total amount of alkoxysilane of Formulas A and B does not exceed about 80 weight percent of the coating forming composition.
4. The coating forming composition according to claim 2 , wherein in the alkoxysilane of Formula A, a is 1 and organofunctional group X is a mercapto, acyloxy, glycidoxy, epoxy, epoxycyclohexyl, epoxycyclohexylethyl, hydroxy, episulfide, acrylate, methacrylate, ureido, thioureido, vinyl, allyl, —NHCOOR 4 or —NHCOSR 4 group in which R 4 is a monovalent hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, ether, thioether, disulfide, trisulfide, tetrasulfide, pentasulfide, hexasulfide, polysulfide, xanthate, trithiocarbonate, dithiocarbonate or isocyanurato group, or another —Si(OR 3 ) group wherein R 3 is as previously defined.
5. The coating forming composition according to claim 2 , wherein in the alkoxysilane of formula B, R 5 is a divalent hydrocarbon group containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 6 in which R 6 is hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
6. The coating forming composition according to claim 2 , wherein the trialkoxysilane of Formula A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, ethyltripropoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltripropoxysilane, n-propyltributoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, n-pentyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, isoocyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and wherein the trialkoxysilane of Formula B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bix(trimethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)amine and bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine.
7. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the total amount of metal oxide (a), (b), and (c) is from about 10 to about 40 weight percent based on the weight of the composition.
8. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of alumina to zirconia is from about 9:1 to about 1:9.
9. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of metal oxide (c) to the sum of the alumina and zirconia is from about 99:1 to about 1:99.
10. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein alumina is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent based on the weight of the composition.
11. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein zirconia is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent based on the weight of the composition.
12. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the silica is selected from colloidal silica and is present in an amount of about 5 to about 30 weight percent based on the weight of the composition.
13. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes the water-miscible organic solvent.
14. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the water-miscible organic solvent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alcohol, glycol, glycol ether and ketone.
15. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one acid hydrolysis catalyst is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2-methyl propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid (valeric acid), hexanoic acid (caproic acid), 2-ethylhexanoic acid, heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), hexanoic acid, octanoic acid (caprylic acid), oleic acid, linoleic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexylacetic acid, cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, benzeneacetic acid, propanedioic acid (malonic acid), butanedioic acid (succinic acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), 2-butenedioic acid (maleic acid), lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, isoanoic acid, versatic acid, and amino acid.
16. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating forming composition includes the matting agent.
17. The coating forming composition of claim 16 , wherein the matting agent is an inorganic compound or an organic compound.
18. The coating forming composition of claim 16 , wherein the matting agent is chosen from silicon dioxide, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcium phosphate, a silicone resin, a fluororesin, an acrylic resin, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
19. The coating forming composition of claim 16 , wherein the matting agent is silica functionalized with a halosilane, an alkoxysilane, a silazane, a siloxane, or a combination of two or more thereof.
20. The coating forming composition of claim 16 , wherein the matting agent is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the weigh of the composition.
21. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating forming composition includes the at least one condensation catalyst (vi).
22. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one condensation catalyst is at least one member selected from the group consisting of tetra-n-butylammonium acetate, tetra-n-butyl ammonium formate, tetra-n-butylammonium benzoate, tetra-n-butylammonium-2-ethylhexanoate, tetra-n-butylammonium-p-ethylbenzoate, tetra-n-butylammonium propionate and TBD-acetate (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD)).
23. The coating forming composition of claim 1 , having a viscosity within the range of from about 3.0 to about 7.0 cStks at 25° C.
24. An article comprising a coating formed from the coating forming composition of claim 1 disposed on a surface of the article.
25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the coated surface is formed from a metal, metal alloy, metallized part, metal or metallized part possessing one or more protective layers, metallized plastic, metal sputtered plastic, or primed plastic material.
26. The article of claim 24 , wherein the coated surface comprises a metal chosen from steel, stainless steel, aluminum, anodized aluminum, magnesium, copper, bronze, chromium, or an alloy of two or more of these metals.
27. A method of forming a coating on a surface of an article comprising:
applying the coating forming composition of claim 1 on a surface of the article; and
curing the coating forming composition.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein curing the coating forming composition comprises curing at a temperature of about 80 to about 200° C.
29. A method of forming the coating forming composition according to claim 1 comprising:
a) adding at least one acid hydrolysis catalyst to alkoxysilane;
b) adding the metal oxides (a), (b), and (c), and water to the mixture of step (a);
c) adding at least one water-miscible solvent and additional acid hydrolysis catalyst to the mixture resulting from step (b);
d) aging the mixture resulting from step (c) under conditions of elevated temperature and for a period of time effective to provide a curable coating forming composition having a viscosity within the range of from about 3.0 to about 7.0 cStks at 25° C.; and,
e) adding at least one condensation catalyst at, during, or following any of the preceding steps, wherein the at least one condensation catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium carboxylates of the formula [(C 4 H 9 ) 4 N] + [OC(O)—R 7 ] − in which R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and aromatic groups containing about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
30. The method of claim 29 comprising adding the matting agent to the composition.
31. The coating forming composition of claim 1 further comprising a metal oxide selected from titania, zinc oxide, ceria, or a combination of two or more thereof.