Three-dimensional printing on glass containers
This disclosure describes substrate(s) formed with a three-dimensional (3D) feature thereon, and method(s) of printing the same. One method includes identifying a plurality of locations on a substrate surface where the three-dimensional feature will be formed, determining a height value of the three-dimensional feature at each location, assigning a grayscale value to each location based on the height value, and applying ink to the substrate surface at each location according to the assigned grayscale value.
1. A method of printing a three-dimensional feature on a substrate having a surface, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) identifying at least one location on the surface where the three-dimensional feature will be formed;
(b) determining a height value of the three-dimensional feature at each location;
(c) assigning a grayscale value to each location based on the height value;
(d) applying ink to the surface in at least one layer according to the assigned grayscale value at each location, where the ink is curable in response to ultraviolet (UV) light; and
(e) applying UV light to cure the ink, wherein steps (d) to (e) are repeated until the ink reaches the respective height value at each location to form the three-dimensional feature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a glass substrate, and the three-dimensional feature comprises a plurality of threads applied to the glass substrate, the plurality of threads capable of releasably securing a cap to a mouth of the glass substrate.
3. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional feature comprises a three dimensional structure including at least one of a shoulder element, a bumper, a lug, a thread, an insulated air volume (IAV) element, an orientation element, a grip, texture to improve hand gripping of the container, a handle, an embossment, or an undercut.
4. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional feature comprises an outermost layer including a protective varnish.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lightest grayscale value is assigned to the smallest height value and the darkest grayscale value is assigned to the largest height value.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the surface is free of ink.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink in step (d) is applied via a digital inkjet printer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink in step (d) is a varnish.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of glass.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the substrate is a glass container.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising flame treating the surface before step (d).
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
setting at least one printing parameter wherein the at least one printing parameter is selected from at least one of a printing position with respect to the substrate and a printing speed wherein the at least one printing parameter is set before step (d); and
setting at least one curing parameter wherein the at least one curing parameter is selected from at least one of a curing time, curing intensity, number of revolutions of curing, and rotation speed wherein the at least one curing parameters is set before step (d).
13. A method of printing a three-dimensional (3D) feature on a glass substrate using an ultraviolet (UV)-curable varnish, comprising the steps of:
(a) applying a layer of UV-curable varnish within a boundary of the 3D feature on a surface of the glass substrate;
(b) curing the varnish layer by directing UV light toward the applied varnish layer;
(c) based on an assigned grayscale value, applying one or more additional layers of UV-curable varnish within the boundary of the 3D feature on the surface of the glass substrate; and
(d) curing the one or more additional layer of UV-curable varnish by directing UV light toward each additional varnish layer after it is applied, wherein the cured varnish layers form at least a portion of the 3D feature on the glass substrate.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the glass substrate is a glass container that does not include a hot-end coating or a cold-end coating.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising repeating steps (c) to (d) to form the 3D feature comprising a plurality of threads applied to the glass substrate, the plurality of threads capable of releasably securing a cap to a mouth of the glass substrate.
16. The method recited in claim 13 , further comprising repeating steps (c) to (d) to form the 3D feature comprising a three-dimensional structure including at least one of a shoulder element, a bumper, a finish, an insulated air volume (IAV) element, an orientation element, a grip, texture to improve hand gripping of the container, a handle, an embossment, or an undercut.
17. The method recited in claim 13 , further comprising repeating steps (c) to (d) to form the 3D feature including a shoulder element of the glass substrate, and wherein the shoulder element has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of a body of the glass substrate.
18. The method recited in claim 13 , wherein the varnish layers in both steps (a) and (c) include a polymer.
19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising step (e) adding an outermost layer including a protective varnish to the surface of the glass substrate, the outermost layer being added only within the boundary of the 3D feature.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method does not include use of a mold.
21. The method of claim 13 , wherein the glass substrate has a circumference, and the varnish layers in steps (a) and (c) are each circumferentially interrupted.
22. A method of forming a lubricious glass container having a three-dimensional (3D) feature, comprising:
(a) forming the glass container without a hot end coating;
(b) annealing the glass container without container-to-container contact; and
(c) printing at least one layer of varnish on at least a portion of the glass container to form the three-dimensional (3D) feature, where the at least one layer of varnish provides lubricity for the glass container.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the varnish comprises a material additive including ethylene acrylic acid.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the varnish includes at least one of a polymer, a monomer, a color, an additive, a finish, a photoinitiator, or a pigment.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the at least one layer of varnish is printed on at least one contact area of the glass container.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a glass container, wherein at least two three-dimensional features create at least two contact points, and wherein a portion of the glass container between the at least two three-dimensional features has a thickness less than a remaining portion of the glass container.
27. The method of claim 22 , wherein no cold end coating is applied between steps (b) and (c).