Lithium extraction composite for recovery of lithium from brines, and process of using said composition
A lithium extraction composite comprising: (i) a porous support and (ii) particles of a lithium-selective sorbent material coated on at least one surface of the support, wherein the support has a planar membrane, fiber (or rod), or tubular shape. A method for extracting and recovering a lithium salt from an aqueous solution by use of the above-described composition is also described, the method comprising (a) flowing the aqueous source solution through a first zone or over a first surface of the lithium extraction composite to result in selective lithium intercalation in the lithium-selective sorbent material in the first zone or first surface; and (b) simultaneously recovering lithium salt extracted in step (a) from said lithium-selective sorbent material by flowing an aqueous stripping solution through a second zone or over a second surface of the lithium extraction composite in which lithium ions from the first zone or first surface diffuse.
1. A lithium extraction composite comprising (i) a porous support and (ii) particles of a lithium-selective sorbent material coated on at least one surface of the support, wherein said support has a planar membrane, fiber, or tubular shape; and wherein said lithium-selective sorbent material is a framework structure comprising LiX and M(OH) z units, wherein X is at least one anionic species selected from halide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, and bicarbonate; M is at least one oxophilic transition metal atom, and/or at least one oxophilic main group metal atom selected from aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, and tin; and z is independently 2, 3, or 4, depending on the metal atom M.
2. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said support is a polymer that has a melting point of at least 80° C.
3. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said support has a melting point of at least 100° C.
4. The lithium extraction composite of claim 2 , wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polybenzimidazole, ionomers, polysiloxanes, vinyl-addition polymers, polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyethyleneimine (PEI), and copolymers, mixtures, and composites thereof.
5. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said support has an inorganic composition.
6. The lithium extraction composite of claim 5 , wherein said inorganic support has a metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitride, or metal boride composition.
7. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein, if M is exclusively aluminum, then the framework structure further includes M′(OH) z units, either in the same framework structure comprising LiX and M(OH) z units or in a separate framework structure comprising LiX and M′(OH) z units, wherein M′ is at least one oxophilic transition metal atom and/or at least one oxophilic main group metal atom selected from gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, and tin.
8. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said at least one anionic species X is selected from halide atoms.
9. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said composition is represented by the following chemical formula:
LiX:M1 x-y M2 y (OH) 3 .n H 2 O (1)
wherein X is at least one anionic species selected from halide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, and bicarbonate; M1 is at least one oxophilic main group metal atom selected from aluminum, gallium, and indium; and M2 is at least one oxophilic transition metal atom, and/or at least one oxophilic main group metal atom selected from aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, and tin, provided that M1 and M2 are different; x is at least 1 and up to 1.5; y is at least 0.1× and less than x; n is ≤4, and the species Li, X, M1, and M2 in Formula (1) are within a framework structure.
10. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said lithium-selective sorbent material comprises a lithium alumina intercalate.
11. The lithium extraction composite of claim 1 , wherein said lithium-selective sorbent material comprises a lithium aluminum layered double hydroxide.
12. The lithium extraction composite of claim 11 , wherein said lithium aluminum layered double hydroxide chloride comprises LiCl.2Al(OH) 3 .