Acousto-optic tuning of lasers
A semiconductor laser tuned with an acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator may generate standing waves or traveling waves. When traveling waves are used, a second acousto-optic modulator may be used in a reverse orientation to cancel out a chirp created in the first acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator may be used with standing-wave laser resonators or ring lasers.
1. A laser, comprising:
a) a quantum cascade laser gain medium having a first end and a second end;
b) a collimating lens adjacent to the first end of the gain medium and receiving an undiffracted output beam from the gain medium, the undiffracted beam defining a first path;
c) an anti-reflection coating at the first end of the gain medium;
d) an acousto-optic modulator adjacent to the first collimating lens and opposite the gain medium and fixed in place, the acousto-optic modulator receiving the undiffracted output beam directly from the first collimating lens and subsequently emitting a diffracted beam along a second path;
e) a reflective mirror positioned to receive the diffracted beam and reflect the diffracted beam back along the second path to the first acousto-optic modulator through the first path and back to the gain medium to amplify a wavelength tuned beam; and
f) a radiofrequency generator operatively connected to the acousto-optic modulator, the radiofrequency generator configured to generate two radiofrequencies simultaneously, wherein one of the first or second radiofrequencies is fixed and is temporally switched and the other of the first or second radiofrequencies is varied and is temporally switched to simultaneously generate two laser wavelengths, one which is fixed in wavelength and temporally switched and the other which is tuned and is temporally switched.
2. The laser of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective coating at the second end of the gain medium.
3. The laser of claim 2 , wherein
the acousto-optic modulator comprises a first end, a second end opposite the first end, a transparent material between the first end and the second end of the acousto-optic modulator, and a piezoelectric transducer at the first end of the acousto-optic modulator.
4. The laser of claim 3 , wherein
the acousto-optic modulator comprises a first acoustic absorber at the second end of the first acousto-optic modulator.
5. The laser of claim 4 , wherein the laser is an infrared quantum cascade laser or an infrared interband cascade laser.
6. The laser of claim 2 , wherein the reflective coating is a partially reflective coating.
7. The laser of claim 2 , wherein the reflective coating is a highly reflective coating.
8. The laser of claim 1 , further comprising a second anti-reflection coating at the second end of the gain medium.
9. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the acousto-optic modulator comprises a transparent material having:
a) a first end and a second end opposite the first end,
b) a first facet adjacent to the first and second ends, and
c) a second facet opposite the first facet and adjacent to the first and second ends, the transparent material having anti-reflection coatings on the first and second facets at the desired optical wavelength.
10. The laser of claim 1 , wherein
a) the first acousto-optic modulator comprises a first acoustic absorber at the second end of the first acousto-optic modulator; and
b) the second acousto-optic modulator comprises a second acoustic absorber at the second end of the second acousto-optic modulator.
11. The laser of claim 1 , further comprising a second collimating lens adjacent to the second end of the gain medium.
12. The laser of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of reflective mirrors to form a ring laser resonator.
13. The laser of claim 1 , wherein the laser is an infrared quantum cascade laser or an infrared interband cascade laser.
14. The laser of claim 1 , wherein
the acousto-optic modulator comprises a first end, a second end opposite the first end, a transparent material between the first end and the second end of the acousto-optic modulator, and a piezoelectric transducer at the first end of the acousto-optic modulator.
15. A method for rapid and continuous broadband tuning of a quantum cascade laser electronically without the use of mechanical motion to select a lasing wavelength, comprising:
a) generating an undiffracted beam from a quantum cascade laser gain medium having a first end and a second end;
b) passing the undiffracted beam through a first collimating lens adjacent to the first end of the gain medium, the undiffracted output beam defining a first path;
c) passing the undiffracted beam from the first collimating lens to a first acousto-optic modulator adjacent to the first collimating lens and opposite the gain medium and fixed in place, wherein passing the undiffracted beam through the first acousto-optic modulator generates a diffracted beam along a second path;
d) reflecting the diffracted beam off a first reflective mirror and back along the second path to the first acousto-optic modulator, then through the first path and back to the gain medium to amplify a wavelength tuned beam, wherein the first acousto-optic modulator is electronically controlled to produce the diffracted beam at a desired wavelength; and
e) generating two radiofrequencies simultaneously with a radiofrequency generator operatively connected to the acousto-optic modulator, wherein one of the first or second radiofrequencies is fixed and is temporally switched and the other of the first or second radiofrequencies is varied and is temporally switched to simultaneously generate two laser wavelengths, one which is fixed in wavelength and temporally switched and the other which is tuned and is temporally switched.