Antiwear copolymers and lubricant compositions
The present invention relates to copolymers, to a method for the preparation of these copolymers, to the use of these copolymers for reducing wear in a lubricant composition, to lubricant compositions comprising these copolymers, and to the use of these lubricant compositions as an automatic transmission fluid, a continuously variable transmission fluid, an engine oil, a gear oil, or a hydraulic oil.
1. A copolymer, comprising:
a) 0.1 to 20 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the copolymer, of units derived from one or more compounds of formula (I)
wherein R is H or C n H 2n+1 , n=1 to 6, and x=6 to 10; and
b) 60 to 99.9 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the copolymer, of units derived from one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein each of the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates independently has an alkyl group comprising 1 to 40 carbon atoms,
wherein the copolymer is not a graft copolymer.
2. The copolymer of claim 1 , further comprising:
c) units derived from one or more non-functionalized alpha-olefins of formula C n H 2n , wherein n=8 to 12.
3. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein R is H or CH 3 .
4. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein x=8.
5. The copolymer of claim 1 , comprising the units derived from the one or more compounds of formula (I) in a total amount of 0.5 to 20 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
6. The copolymer of claim 1 , comprising the units derived from the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates in a total amount of 60 to 97 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
7. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the units derived from the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates comprise:
(i) 0 to 40 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, of units derived from one or more alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (II)
wherein R is H or CH 3 and R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
(ii) at least 10 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, of units derived from one or more alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (III)
wherein R is H or CH 3 and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and
(iii) 0 to 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, of units derived from one or more alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (IV)
wherein R is H or CH 3 and R 3 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 16-40 carbon atoms.
8. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the units derived from the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates comprise at least two different units derived from one or more alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers of formula (III)
wherein R is H or CH 3 and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
9. The copolymer of claim 2 , comprising the units derived from the one or more non-functionalized alpha-olefins in a total amount of 0.5 to 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
10. A method for preparing the copolymer of claim 1 , the method comprising:
copolymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising:
a) one or more compounds of formula (I)
wherein R is H or C n CH 2n+1 , n=1 to 6, and x=6 to 10,
b) one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein each of the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates independently has an alkyl group comprising 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and optionally
c) one or more non-functionalized alpha-olefins of formula C n H 2n , wherein n=8 to 12.
11. A lubricant composition, comprising the copolymer of claim 1 .
12. The lubricant composition of claim 11 , comprising the copolymer in an amount of 0.01 to 50 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
13. A method for reducing wear of a surface, the method comprising contacting the surface with the lubricant composition of claim 11 .
14. An automatic transmission fluid, a continuously variable transmission fluid, an engine oil, a gear oil, or a hydraulic oil, comprising the lubricant composition of claim 11 .
15. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is obtained by a method comprising copolymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising the one or more compounds of formula (I) and the one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates, and the method does not comprise grafting a monomer to a main chain of the copolymer formed by the copolymerizing.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method does not comprise grafting a monomer to a main chain of the copolymer formed by copolymerizing the mixture of monomers.