Binders containing an aldehyde-based resin and an isocyanate-based resin and methods for making composite lignocellulose products therefrom
Binders, resinated furnishes, and methods for making composite lignocellulose products therefrom. The binder can include about 70 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin, about 0.3 wt % to about 30 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin, about 10 wt % to about 63 wt % of an extender, and about 145 wt % to about 230 wt % of water, where all weight percent values are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin. The binder has a long pot life and can be used with lignocellulose substrates having a water content of 10 wt % or more.
1. A binder for making composite lignocellulose products, comprising:
about 70 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin;
about 0.3 wt % to about 30 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin;
about 10 wt % to about 63 wt % of an extender; and
about 145 wt % to about 230 wt % of water, wherein the weight percent values of the aldehyde-based resin, the isocyanate-based resin, the extender, and the water are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin,
wherein the binder comprises about 21.75 wt % to about 29.7 wt % of aldehyde-based resin solids, based on a total weight of the binder, and
wherein the binder has a viscosity of about 200 cP to about 3,500 cP at a temperature of about 25° C. for at least the first 24 hours after formation of the binder.
2. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder has a pH of about 10.5 to about 13, and wherein the binder has a viscosity of about 200 cP to 2,500 cP at a temperature of about 25° C. for at least 2 days after formation of the binder.
3. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder has a viscosity of about 200 cP to 2,000 cP at a temperature of about 25° C. for at least the first 24 hours after formation of the binder.
4. The binder of claim 1 , further comprising about 5.5 wt % to about 45 wt % of a filler, based on the combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin.
5. The binder of claim 4 , wherein the filler comprises a nutshell flour, a fruit pit flour, or a mixture thereof.
6. The binder of claim 4 , wherein the binder comprises about 79 wt % to about 98.5 wt % of the aldehyde-based resin, about 1.5 wt % to about 21 wt % of the isocyanate-based resin, about 13.5 wt % to about 51 wt % of the extender, about 8 wt % to about 36.5 wt % of the filler, and about 159 wt % to about 207 wt % of water, wherein the weight percent values of the aldehyde-based resin, the isocyanate-based resin, the extender, the filler, and the water are based on the combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin.
7. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the extender comprises wheat flour, corn flour, or a mixture thereof.
8. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde-based resin comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a urea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-melamine-formaldehyde resin, a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, or any mixture thereof.
9. The binder of claim 8 , wherein the isocyanate-based resin comprises polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.
10. The binder of claim 1 , further comprising about 5.5 wt % to about 45 wt % of a filler, about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % of a carbonate, and about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % of a nonionic surfactant, wherein the weight percent values of the filler, the carbonate and the non-ionic surfactant are based on the combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin, wherein:
the aldehyde-based resin comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 2.1:1 to about 2.5:1,
the isocyanate-based resin comprises polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate,
the extender comprises wheat flour, corn flour, or a mixture thereof,
the filler comprises olive pit flour, walnut shell flour, or a mixture thereof, and
the carbonate comprises sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture thereof.
11. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of isocyanate-based resin solids, based on the total weight of the binder.
12. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises about 1 wt % to about 2 wt % of isocyanate-based resin solids, based on the total weight of the binder.
13. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of isocyanate-based resin solids, based on the total weight of the binder, such that the binder comprises a maximum combined amount of the aldehyde-based resin solids and the isocyanate-based resin solids of 32.7 wt %, based on the total weight of the binder.
14. The binder of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises about 1 wt % to about 2 wt % of isocyanate-based resin solids, based on the total weight of the binder, such that the binder comprises a maximum combined amount of the aldehyde-based resin solids and the isocyanate-based resin solids of 31.7 wt %, based on the total weight of the binder.
15. The binder of claim 1 , further comprising about 5.5 wt % to about 45 wt % of a filler, based on the combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin, wherein:
the aldehyde-based resin comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 2.1:1 to about 2.5:1,
the isocyanate-based resin comprises polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate,
the extender comprises wheat flour, corn flour, or a mixture thereof,
the filler comprises olive pit flour, walnut shell flour, or a mixture thereof, and
the binder comprises about 1 wt % to 3 wt % of isocyanate-based resin solids, based on the total weight of the binder, such that the binder comprises a maximum combined amount of the aldehyde-based resin solids and the isocyanate-based resin solids of 32.7 wt %, based on the total weight of the binder.
16. A binder for making composite lignocellulose products, comprising:
about 79 wt % to about 98.5 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin comprising a phenol-formaldehyde resin;
about 1.5 wt % to about 21 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin comprising polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate;
about 13.5 wt % to about 51 wt % of an extender comprising wheat flour, corn flour, or a mixture thereof;
about 8 wt % to about 37 wt % of a filler comprising olive pit flour, walnut shell flour, or a mixture thereof; and
about 159 wt % to about 207 wt % of water, wherein the weight percent values of the aldehyde-based resin, the isocyanate-based resin, the extender, the filler, and the water are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin, wherein:
the binder has a pH of about 10.5 to about 13.0,
the binder comprises about 21.75 wt % to about 29.7 wt % of aldehyde-based resin solids, based on a total weight of the binder, and
the binder has a viscosity of about 200 cP to less than 3,500 cP at a temperature of about 25° C. for at least 1 day after formation of the binder.
17. A method for making a composite product, comprising:
combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates and a binder to produce a resinated furnish, wherein the binder comprises about 70 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin; about 0.3 wt % to about 30 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin; about 10 wt % to about 63 wt % of an extender; and about 145 wt % to about 230 wt % of water, wherein the weight percent values of the aldehyde-based resin, the isocyanate-based resin, the extender, and the water are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin, wherein the binder comprises about 21.75 wt % to about 29.7 wt % of aldehyde-based resin solids, based on a total weight of the binder, and wherein the binder has a viscosity of 200 cP to 3,500 cP at a temperature of about 25° C. for at least 1 day after formation of the binder; and
heating the resinated furnish to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 300° C. to at least partially cure the binder to produce a composite lignocellulose product, wherein each of the plurality of lignocellulose substrates has a moisture content of at least 10 wt % to about 40 wt %, based on a dry weight of the plurality of lignocellulose substrates, when the resinated furnish is heated to the temperature of about 60° C. to about 300° C.