Chromium catalyst, its preparation and use
Disclosed herein is a chromium oxide catalyst composition having reduced levels of chromium (VI), methods of making a chromium oxide catalyst composition and system, and illustrative uses of the chromium oxide catalyst composition and system. The catalyst disclosed may be a gel and may comprise chromium (III) oxide and chromium (VI) oxide at an amount of about 10,000 ppm or less based on total chromium oxide contents in the chromium oxide catalyst composition.
1. A chromium oxide catalyst composition comprising:
a chromium(III) oxide; and
a chromium(VI) oxide present at an amount of about 10,000 ppm or less based on total chromium oxides content in the chromium oxide catalyst composition,
wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition has a BET surface area of about 150 m 2 /g or more,
wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition has a pore volume ranging from about 0.2 cc/g to about 1.5 cc/g, and
wherein the chromium(III) oxide and the chromium(VI) oxide, in total, are present at an amount of about 96 wt % or more based on total weight of the chromium oxide catalyst composition.
2. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium(VI) oxide is present at an amount of about 5,000 ppm or less based on total chromium oxides content in the chromium oxide catalyst composition.
3. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium(III) oxide is present in an amount of about 99 wt % or more based on total chromium oxides content in the chromium oxide catalyst composition.
4. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition is a xerogel, and wherein the xerogel is about 80% or more amorphous.
5. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition is in a form of pellets, beads, extrudates, rings, spheres, cylinders, trilobe, or quadralobe shaped pieces.
6. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition is in contact with a substrate.
7. The chromium oxide catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ), fluorinated alumina, silica (SiO 2 ), titania (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), carbon materials, or combinations thereof.
8. A chromium oxide catalyst system comprising:
a substrate;
a chromium oxide catalyst composition in contact with the substrate, the chromium oxide catalyst composition comprising:
a chromium(III) oxide; and
a chromium(VI) oxide present at an amount of about 10,000 ppm or less based on total chromium oxides content in the chromium oxide catalyst composition,
wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition has a BET surface area of about 150 m 2 /g or more,
wherein the chromium oxide catalyst composition has a pore volume ranging from about 0.2 cc/g to about 1.5 cc/g, and
wherein the chromium(III) oxide and the chromium(VI) oxide, in total, are present at an amount of about 96 wt % or more based on total weight of the chromium oxide catalyst composition.