Use of EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer

1. A method for treating breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer in a subject, wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with pembrolizumab as a monotherapy and wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with the compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a monotherapy, the method comprising administering to the subject:

(a) a compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

each of R a and R b , independently is H or R S3 , R S3 being C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or R a and R b , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatom, and each of R S3 and the 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring formed by R a and R b , is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 3 -T 3 , wherein Q 3 is a bond or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker each optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T3 is selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, OR d , COOR d , —S(O) 2 R d , —NR d R e , and —C(O)NR d R e , each of R d and R e independently being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or -Q 3 -T 3 is oxo;

R 7 is -Q 4 -T 4 , in which Q 4 is a bond, C 1 -C 4 alkyl linker, or C 2 -C 4 alkenyl linker, each linker optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T 4 is H, halo, cyano, NR f R g , —OR f , —C(O)R f , —C(O)OR f , —C(O)NR f R g , —C(O)NR f OR g , —NR f C(O)R g , —S(O) 2 R f , or R S4 , in which each of R f and R g , independently is H or R S5 , each of R S4 and R S5 , independently is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and each of R S4 and R S5 is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 5 -T 5 , wherein Q 5 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR k , NR k C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R k being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 5 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) q R q in which q is 0, 1, or 2 and R q is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 5 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 5 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 5 -T 5 is oxo; provided that R 7 is not H; and

R 8 is H, halo, hydroxyl, COOH, cyano, R S6 , OR S6 , or COOR S6 , in which R S6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, or di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and R S6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, COOH, C(O)O—C 1 -C 6 alkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino; or R 7 and R 8 , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 11-membered heterocycloalkyl ring which has 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms and is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 6 -T 6 , wherein Q 6 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR m , NR m C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R m being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 6 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) p R p in which p is 0, 1, or 2 and R p is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 6 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 6 -T 6 is oxo; and

(b) pembrolizumab.

2. A method for treating breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

each of R a and R b , independently is H or R S3 , R S3 being C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or R a and R b , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatom, and each of R S3 and the 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring formed by R a and R b , is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 3 -T 3 , wherein Q 3 is a bond or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker each optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T 3 is selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, OR d , COOR d , —S(O) 2 R d , —NR d R e , and —C(O)NR d R e , each of R d and R e independently being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or -Q 3 -T 3 is oxo;

R 7 is -Q 4 -T 4 , in which Q 4 is a bond, C 1 -C 4 alkyl linker, or C 2 -C 4 alkenyl linker, each linker optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T 4 is H, halo, cyano, NR f R g , —OR f , —C(O)R f , —C(O)OR f , —C(O)NR f R g , —C(O)NR f OR g , —NR f C(O)R g , —S(O) 2 R f , or R S4 , in which each of R f and R g , independently is H or R S5 , each of R S4 and R S5 , independently is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and each of R S4 and R S5 is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 5 -T 5 , wherein Q 5 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR k , NR k C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R k being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 5 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) q R q in which q is 0, 1, or 2 and R q is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 5 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 5 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 5 -T 5 is oxo; provided that R 7 is not H; and

R 8 is H, halo, hydroxyl, COOH, cyano, R S6 , OR S6 , or COOR S6 , in which R S6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, or di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and R S6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, COOH, C(O)O—C 1 -C 6 alkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino; or R 7 and R 8 , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 11-membered heterocycloalkyl ring which has 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms and is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 6 -T 6 , wherein Q 6 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR m , NR m C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R m being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 6 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) p R p in which p is 0, 1, or 2 and R p is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 6 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 6 -T 6 is oxo, wherein the subject has been receiving and will continue to receive pembrolizumab, wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with pembrolizumab as a monotherapy and wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with the compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a monotherapy.

3. A method for treating breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer in a subject-comprising administering to the subject pembrolizumab, wherein the subject has been receiving and will continue to receive a compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with pembrolizumab as a monotherapy and wherein the breast cancer, nervous system cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, or brain cancer is resistant to treatment with the compound of Formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a monotherapy:

each of R a and R b , independently is H or R S3 , R S3 being C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or R a and R b , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring having 0 or 1 additional heteroatom, and each of R S3 and the 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring formed by R a and R b , is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 3 -T 3 , wherein Q 3 is a bond or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker each optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T 3 is selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, OR d , COOR d , —S(O) 2 R d , —NR d R e , and —C(O)NR d R e , each of R d and R e independently being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or -Q 3 -T 3 is oxo;

R 7 is -Q 4 -T 4 , in which Q 4 is a bond, C 1 -C 4 alkyl linker, or C 2 -C 4 alkenyl linker, each linker optionally substituted with halo, cyano, hydroxyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and T 4 is H, halo, cyano, NR f R g , —OR f , —C(O)R f , —C(O)OR f , —C(O)NR f R g , —C(O)NR f OR g , —NR f C(O)R g , —S(O) 2 R f , or R S4 , in which each of R f and R g , independently is H or R S5 , each of R S4 and R S5 , independently is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and each of R S4 and R S5 is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 5 -T 5 , wherein Q 5 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR k , NR k C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R k being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 5 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) q R q in which q is 0, 1, or 2 and R q is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 5 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 5 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 5 -T 5 is oxo; provided that R 7 is not H; and

R 8 is H, halo, hydroxyl, COOH, cyano, R S6 , OR S6 , or COOR S6 , in which R S6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, or di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and R S6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl, COOH, C(O)O—C 1 -C 6 alkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, and di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino; or R 7 and R 8 , together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a 4 to 11-membered heterocycloalkyl ring which has 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms and is optionally substituted with one or more -Q 6 -T 6 , wherein Q 6 is a bond, C(O), C(O)NR m , NR m C(O), S(O) 2 , or C 1 -C 3 alkyl linker, R m being H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and T 6 is H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or S(O) p R p in which p is 0, 1, or 2 and R p is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and T 6 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, amino, mono-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4 to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl except when T 6 is H, halo, hydroxyl, or cyano; or -Q 6 -T 6 is oxo.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) is

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) and pembrolizumab are administered simultaneously or in temporal proximity.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) and pembrolizumab are administered sequentially.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) is administered before pembrolizumab.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein pembrolizumab is administered before the compound of Formula (IIa).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) and/or pembrolizumab is administered twice per day.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) is administered orally.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) is administered twice a day at a dosage of 800 mg, and pembrolizumab is administered once every three weeks at a dosage of 1200 mg.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) is administered orally and pembrolizumab is administered parenterally.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises a stem cell, a progenitor cell, or an immune cell.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) and/or pembrolizumab is between 1 μg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, inclusive of the endpoints.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (IIa) and/or pembrolizumab is administered to the subject in a formulation volume between 1 μL and 500 mL, inclusive of the endpoints.