Removing heavy metals in a ballasted process
A system for treating metal-contaminated wastewater includes a primary treatment sub-system, a secondary treatment sub-system, and a tertiary treatment sub-system. The tertiary treatment sub-system includes a reactor tank, a source of ballast material, a source of coagulant, a solids-liquid separator, and a controller configured to recycle ballasted solids from the solids-liquid separator to the reactor tank an amount sufficient to generate metal hydroxide floc in the reactor tank to reduce a concentration of dissolved metal in the reactor tank.
1. A system for treating wastewater, the system comprising:
a primary treatment sub-system;
a secondary treatment sub-system in fluid communication downstream of the primary treatment sub-system, the secondary treatment sub-system including one or more biological treatment units and a first solids-liquids separator positioned downstream of the one or more biological treatment units configured to recycle settled activated sludge back to the one or more biological treatment units, the secondary treatment sub-system configured to remove biological contaminants from the wastewater and produce a partially treated wastewater including a dissolved metal; and
a tertiary treatment sub-system in fluid communication downstream of the secondary treatment sub-system, the tertiary treatment sub-system comprising:
a reactor tank configured and arranged to receive the partially treated wastewater from the secondary treatment sub-system, the reactor tank including at least one inlet and an outlet;
a source of a ballast material fluidly connected to the reactor tank;
a source of coagulant fluidly connected to the reactor tank;
a second solids-liquid separator having an inlet fluidly connected to the outlet of the reactor tank and including a solids-lean effluent outlet and a ballasted solids outlet, the second solids-liquid separator configured to separate ballasted effluent from the outlet of the reactor tank into a solids-lean effluent and ballasted solids, to discharge the solids-lean effluent from the solids-lean effluent outlet, and to discharge the ballasted solids from the ballasted solids outlet;
a ballast recovery system in fluid communication with the ballasted solids outlet of the second solids-liquid separator configured to separate ballast from the ballasted solids and return the separated ballast to the source of ballast material through a conduit fluidly connecting the ballast recovery system to the source of ballast material;
a recycle conduit having an inlet fluidly connected to the ballasted solids outlet and an outlet fluidly connected to the reactor tank; and
a controller configured to recycle a portion of the ballasted solids from the ballasted solids outlet of the second solids-liquid separator to the reactor tank through the recycle conduit in an amount sufficient to generate an amount of metal hydroxide floc in the reactor tank sufficient to reduce a concentration of dissolved metal in the reactor tank.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to recycle the portion of the ballasted solids from the ballasted solids outlet of the second solids-liquid separator to the reactor tank through the recycle conduit in an amount sufficient to generate an amount of metal hydroxide floc in the reactor tank sufficient to reduce a concentration of dissolved metal in the reactor tank to below 10 micrograms/liter.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to recycle the portion of the ballasted solids from the ballasted solids outlet of the second solids-generate liquid separator to the reactor tank through the recycle conduit in an amount sufficient to an amount of metal hydroxide floc in the reactor tank sufficient to reduce a concentration of dissolved metal in the reactor tank to below 5 micrograms/liter.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to recycle between 5% to 25% of ballasted solids separated from the ballasted effluent in the second solids-liquid separator to the reactor tank.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is configured to recycle 10% of ballasted solids separated from the ballasted effluent in the second solids-liquid separator to the reactor tank.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of a metal precipitant in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the metal precipitant is a sulfide-containing compound.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of a pH adjustment agent in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further configured to control a quantity of pH adjustment agent introduced into the reactor tank to achieve a pH in the reactor tank at which a compound including the dissolved metal is substantially insoluble.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of a flocculant in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a source of an adsorbent in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
12. The system of claim 11 , further comprising a source of a pH adjustment agent in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of an adsorbent in fluid communication with the reactor tank.
14. The system of claim 1 , is further configured to return the separated ballast to the reactor tank.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary treatment sub-system further comprises:
a second reactor tank configured and arranged to remove biological contaminants from the wastewater; and
a ballast recycle system configured to return a portion of ballasted solids output from the second reactor tank to the second reactor tank.