Separation-resistant pipe joint with enhanced ease of assembly
A joint having a male joint member and female joint member with enhanced ease of assembly, in which a raised stop on the male joint member is limited to displacement between a constriction on the female joint member and a locking ring segment, in which the locking ring segment and constriction are separated by an unobstructed traverse region that allows the male joint member to slide axially when under stress without separation from the female joint member, and in which a compressible spacer is installed between the male joint member and female joint member to ensure that the raised stop is installed in an intermediate position between the constriction and the locking ring segment. The compressible spacer withstands forces associated with assembly but allows the joint to compress during extreme events to prevent failure of the joint during extreme events, such as earthquakes, floods, and landslides.
1. A separation-resistant pipe joint with enhanced ease of assembly comprising:
(a) a female joint member, said female joint member comprising:
i. an inner surface;
ii. a first circumferential groove on the inner surface to accommodate a locking ring segment, said first circumferential groove having a shape consisting essentially of a frustum of an ellipsoid defined by two generally parallel planes each intersecting the ellipsoid;
iii. a first constriction on the inner surface proximal to the first circumferential groove, the first constriction having a first constriction diameter;
iv. an unobstructed traverse region between the first circumferential groove and the first constriction having a first regional diameter that is greater than the first constriction diameter;
v. an unobstructed reverse taper region proximal to the first constriction, having a second regional diameter that is greater than or equal to the first constriction diameter and which increases in the proximal direction;
vi. a second constriction on the inner surface proximal to the unobstructed reverse taper region, the second constriction having a second constriction diameter less than the first constriction diameter;
(b) a male joint member inserted into the female joint member, the male joint member comprising an outer surface, a spigot mouth, and a raised stop on the outer surface positioned between the first circumferential groove and the first constriction, having a stop diameter greater than the first constriction diameter and less than the regional diameter; and
(c) a compressible spacer selected from the group consisting of:
i. an intermediate compressible spacer located between the raised stop and the first constriction, the intermediate compressible spacer positioned to contact the raised stop when the joint is compressed, and
ii. a terminal compressible spacer located between the spigot mouth and the second constriction, the terminal compressible spacer positioned to contact the spigot mouth when the joint is compressed;
wherein the compressible spacer experiences strain of less than 0.25 under a compressive force of 33 Kip (147 kN).
2. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is the intermediate compressible spacer, in which the female joint member comprises a second circumferential groove on the inner surface between the first circumferential groove and the first constriction.
3. The joint of claim 2 , in which the second circumferential groove has a first surface approximately perpendicular to the axis of the female joint member.
4. The joint of claim 3 , in which the compressible spacer has a proximal surface, the proximal surface being approximately perpendicular to the axis of the female joint member such that the proximal surface is flush with the first surface of the second circumferential groove when the joint is assembled.
5. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is the intermediate compressible spacer, in which the intermediate compressible spacer has a radial width marginally less than half of the difference between the first regional diameter minus the outer diameter of the male joint member.
6. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is the intermediate compressible spacer, in which the intermediate compressible spacer comprises an arc of a ring that has an inner spacer diameter marginally greater than the outside diameter of the male joint member.
7. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is the intermediate compressible spacer, in which the intermediate compressible spaced is constructed of aluminum, and wherein the raised stop has a contact surface area available to engage the compressible spacer, in which the compressible spacer contacts less than half of the contact surface area.
8. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer comprises an arc of a ring, the ring having an outer surface, an inner surface, a proximal surface, and a distal surface, the ring having a cross section defined by intersecting the ring with a plane that contains the axis of the female joint member, the cross section consisting essentially of a rectangular shape formed by the outer surface, the inner surface, the proximal surface, and the distal surface.
9. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer has an axial length, wherein the ratio of the axial length and the distance from the first circumferential groove to the first constriction is about 33%.
10. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is the terminal compressible spacer, wherein the unobstructed reverse taper region has a proximal diameter where the reverse taper region meets the second constriction, in which the terminal compressible spacer comprises an arc of a ring that has an outer diameter approximately equal to the proximal diameter.
11. The joint of claim 10 , in which the compressible spacer is the terminal compressible spacer, in which the terminal compressible spacer has a radial width of no less than half of the difference between the proximal diameter and the inner diameter of the male joint member.
12. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer defines a circumferential arc of at least 340°.
13. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer has a radial width of about 0.25 inches (0.6 cm).
14. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is biodegradable.
15. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer is dissolvable.
16. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer experiences strain of less than 0.25 under a compressive force of at least about 40 Kip (178 kN).
17. The joint of claim 1 , in which the compressible spacer experiences strain of less than 0.25 under a compressive force equal to at least the maximum force of a piece of excavating equipment used for assembly of the joint.
18. The joint of claim 17 , where the machine is 30-40 ton excavator.
19. The joint of claim 1 wherein the compressible spacer experiences strain of at least 0.5 under a compressive force of F, wherein
F =σ×π×( R−t ) 2 ), wherein
σ=the proportional limit of the material of which the male joint member is constructed;
R=the minimum outer radius of the male joint member; and
t=the minimum thickness of the male joint member.