Microencapsulation of bacteriophages and related products
An encapsulated bacteriophage formulation and a method for encapsulating bacteriophages and bacteriophage-related products in polymeric microcapsules is provided. Some embodiments of the method of producing the encapsulated bacteriophages involves a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion.
1. A composition comprising:
polymer microcapsules;
active bacteriophages encapsulated in the polymer microcapsules;
wherein the polymer microcapsules include an amino-acid based polymer;
wherein the active bacteriophages are adsorbed on inorganic particles encapsulated in the polymer microcapsules, the inorganic particles including particles of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of CaCO 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , MgCO 3 , and Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .
2. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer microcapsules are in aqueous suspension.
3. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles have a mean size between 2 μm and 15 μm.
4. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer microcapsules have a mean size between 20 μm and 100 μm.
5. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer microcapsules have an upper limit size of 250 μm or less.
6. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the microcapsules are hollow and wherein a thickness of the polymer in the microcapsules is between 3% and 15% of the mean size.
7. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the amino-acid based polymer is selected from
(1) a poly (ester amide urea) wherein at least one diol, at least one diacid, and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond, an amide bond, and a urea bond,
(2) a poly (ester urethane urea) wherein at least one diol and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond, a urethane bond, and a urea bond,
(3) a poly (ester amide urethane urea) wherein at least one diol, at least one diacid, and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond, and a urea bond,
(4) a poly (ester amide urethane) wherein at least one diol, at least one diacid, and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond, an amide bond, and a urethane bond,
(5) a poly (ester urea) wherein at least one diol and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond and a urea bond, and
(6) a poly (ester urethane) wherein at least one diol and at least one amino acid are linked together through an ester bond and a urethane bond, further wherein
the at least one diol is a compound of formula:
HO—R 1 —OH,
R 1 is chosen from C 2 -C 12 alkylene optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylene, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylalkylene,
the at least one diacid is a compound of formula:
HO—(CO)—R 3 —(CO)—OH, R 3 is C 2 -C 12 alkylene,
the at least one amino acid is chosen from naturally occurring amino acids and non-naturally occurring amino acid.
8. The composition as defined in claim 7 , wherein the amino-acid based polymer is a poly (ester amide urea) comprising the following two blocks with random distribution thereof:
wherein
the ratio of l:m ranges from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05, l+m=1,
R 1 is chosen from C 2 -C 12 alkylenes optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylenes, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylalkylenes,
R 3 is C 2 -C 12 alkylene,
R 2 and R 4 are independently chosen from the side chains of L- and D-amino acids so that the carbon to which R 2 or R 4 is attached has L or D chirality.
9. The composition as defined in claim 8 , wherein the ratio of l:m ranges from 0.25:0.75 to 0.75:0.25, l+m=1.
10. The composition as defined in claim 8 , wherein R 1 is —(CH 2 ) 6 —, R 3 is —(CH 2 ) 8 — and both R 2 and R 4 are the side chain of L-leucine.
11. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the amino-acid based polymer has a polydispersity of 1.15 or less.
12. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the amino-acid based polymer has a molecular weight between 15 kDa and 30 kDa.
13. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the amino-acid based polymer is amorphous.
14. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the active bacteriophages include at least two different strains of bacteriophages.
15. The composition as defined in claim 14 , wherein the at least two different strains of bacteriophages include strains of bacteriophages from more than one family.
16. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the composition is liquid form and has a viscosity small enough to allow pulverization through a nozzle.
17. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the composition is powder form.
18. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the composition is in liquid form, and the polymer microcapsules are suspended in a solution including a poloxamer.
19. The composition as defined in claim 18 , wherein the poloxamer is poloxamer 407.
20. The composition as defined in claim 19 , wherein the poloxamer is in a concentration of between 10 and 30 percent.
21. The composition as defined in claim 19 , wherein the poloxamer has a mean molecular weight of between 9500 kDa and 15000 kDa.
22. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the composition is in gel form.
23. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer microcapsules contain on average more than 4 active bacteriophages.
24. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer microcapsules contain on average more than 100 active bacteriophages.
25. The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the composition further includes active bacteriophages outside of the polymer microcapsules.
26. The composition as defined in claim 25 , further comprising a drug selected from the set consisting of antibiotics, pain killer and hemostatic drug.
27. The composition as defined in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises active bacteriophages, and wherein the composition has a stability such that at least 10% of the active phages remain active after storage of the composition for one year at 4° C.