Foamed thermoplastic material, method for the manufacture thereof, articles prepared therefrom, and article-forming method
A foamed thermoplastic material includes a thermoplastic material exhibiting, in its unfoamed state, a particular flammability index, flame growth rate, and specific extinction area. The foamed thermoplastic material further includes a plurality of cells having a number average mean diameter of 5 to 150 micrometers present in an amount effective to provide the foamed thermoplastic material with a density that is 10 to 90 percent of the density of the unfoamed thermoplastic material. The foamed thermoplastic material exhibits a desirable tensile elongation and dielectric constant. A process for forming the foamed thermoplastic material, articles including the foamed thermoplastic material, and an article-forming process are also described.
1. A foamed thermoplastic material comprising:
a thermoplastic material comprising
25 to 40 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
30 to 45 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 30 to 50 weight percent and a melt flow index of 5 to 10 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 260° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 20 to 40 weight percent and a melt flow index of 2 to 8 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
10 to 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, or a combination thereof; and
10 to 15 parts by weight of a flame retardant comprising a phosphoric acid salt and a metal dialkyl phosphinate;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
45 to 55 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
10 to 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 60 to 70 weight percent;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a propylene homopolymer; and
5 to 15 parts by weight of an organophosphate flame retardant;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
20 to 30 parts by weight of a reaction product comprising a poly(phenylene ether-siloxane) copolymer and a poly(phenylene ether), wherein the reaction product is prepared by a process comprising oxidatively copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane;
10 to 15 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
30 to 35 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a surface-treated metal hydroxide;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of the reaction product, hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
wherein the thermoplastic material exhibits,
in its unfoamed state,
a flammability index of 0.1 to 15, determined according to ASTM D7309 Method A at a heating rate of 1° C. per second under nitrogen from 25 to 750° C.;
a flame growth rate of 0.1 to 1.5 kW/m 2 s, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a specific extinction area of 300 to 1200 square meters per kilogram, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a tensile elongation of greater than 100%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 2 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz; and
in its foamed state,
a tensile elongation of 100 to 500%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 1.4 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz; and
a plurality of cells having a number average mean diameter of 5 to 150 micrometers, as determined by scanning electron microscopy;
wherein the cells are present in an amount effective to provide the foamed thermoplastic material with a density that is 10 to 90 percent of the density of the unfoamed thermoplastic material.
2. The foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 , comprising,
25 to 40 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
30 to 45 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 30 to 50 weight percent and a melt flow index of 5 to 10 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 260° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 20 to 40 weight percent and a melt flow index of 2 to 8 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
10 to 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, or a combination thereof; and
10 to 15 parts by weight of a flame retardant comprising a phosphoric acid salt and a metal dialkyl phosphinate;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
3. The foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises,
45 to 55 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
10 to 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 60 to 70 weight percent;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a propylene homopolymer; and
5 to 15 parts by weight of an organophosphate flame retardant;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
4. The foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises,
20 to 30 parts by weight of a reaction product comprising a poly(phenylene ether-siloxane) copolymer and a poly(phenylene ether), wherein the reaction product is prepared by a process comprising oxidatively copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane;
10 to 15 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
30 to 35 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a surface-treated metal hydroxide;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of the reaction product, hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
5. The foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 , wherein the foamed thermoplastic material exhibits a foaming extent of 5 to 80%.
6. A process of forming a foamed thermoplastic material, the process comprising,
melt-kneading
an unfoamed thermoplastic material comprising
25 to 40 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25′C in chloroform;
30 to 45 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 30 to 50 weight percent and a melt flow index of 5 to 10 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 260° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 20 to 40 weight percent and a melt flow index of 2 to 8 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
10 to 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, or a combination thereof; and
10 to 15 parts by weight of a flame retardant comprising a phosphoric acid salt and a metal dialkyl phosphinate;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
45 to 55 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
10 to 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 60 to 70 weight percent;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a propylene homopolymer; and
5 to 15 parts by weight of an organophosphate flame retardant;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
20 to 30 parts by weight of a reaction product comprising a poly(phenylene ether-siloxane) copolymer and a poly(phenylene ether), wherein the reaction product is prepared by a process comprising oxidatively copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane;
10 to 15 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
30 to 35 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a surface-treated metal hydroxide;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of the reaction product, hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
wherein the unfoamed thermoplastic material exhibits,
a flammability index of 0.1 to 15, determined according to ASTM D7309 Method A at a heating rate of 1° C. per second under nitrogen from 25 to 750° C.;
a flame growth rate of 0.1 to 1.5 kW/m 2 s, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a specific extinction area of 300 to 1200 square meters per kilogram, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a tensile elongation of greater than 100%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 2 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz; and
a carbon dioxide-generating blowing agent under conditions effective to provide a foamed thermoplastic material, wherein the foamed thermoplastic material comprises a plurality of cells having a number average mean diameter of 5 to 150 micrometers determined by scanning electron microscopy, wherein the cells are present in an amount effective to provide a foamed material with a density that is 10 to 90 percent of the density of the unfoamed thermoplastic material, wherein the foamed thermoplastic material exhibits
a tensile elongation of 100 to 500%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 1.4 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises
25 to 40 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
30 to 45 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 30 to 50 weight percent and a melt flow index of 5 to 10 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 260° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 20 to 40 weight percent and a melt flow index of 2 to 8 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
10 to 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, or a combination thereof; and
10 to 15 parts by weight of a flame retardant comprising a phosphoric acid salt and a metal dialkyl phosphinate;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises,
45 to 55 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
10 to 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 60 to 70 weight percent;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a propylene homopolymer; and
5 to 15 parts by weight of an organophosphate flame retardant;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
9. The process of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises,
20 to 30 parts by weight of a reaction product comprising a poly(phenylene ether-siloxane) copolymer and a poly(phenylene ether), wherein the reaction product is prepared by a process comprising oxidatively copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane;
10 to 15 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
30 to 35 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof; and
25 to 35 parts by weight of a surface-treated metal hydroxide;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of the reaction product, hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant.
10. The process of claim 6 , wherein
the carbon dioxide-generating blowing agent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the blowing agent and the unfoamed thermoplastic material;
the carbon dioxide-generating blowing agent comprises sodium bicarbonate; and
the carbon dioxide-generating blowing agent has a decomposition temperature of 150 to 250° C.
11. A foamed thermoplastic material prepared by the process of claim 6 .
12. An article comprising the foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 .
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the article is a plenum cable comprising a core comprising a transmission medium, wherein the transmission medium is enclosed by a primary insulation formed from the foamed thermoplastic material of claim 1 .
14. A process of coating a conductor wire, the process comprising,
preheating the conductor wire to a temperature of 150 to 220° C.;
contacting the preheated conductor wire with
an unfoamed thermoplastic material comprising
25 to 40 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
30 to 45 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 30 to 50 weight percent and a melt flow index of 5 to 10 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 260° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 20 to 40 weight percent and a melt flow index of 2 to 8 grams per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
10 to 20 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, or a combination thereof; and
10 to 15 pans by weight of a flame retardant comprising a phosphoric acid salt and a metal dialkyl phosphinate;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
45 to 55 parts by weight of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 to 0.6 deciliters per gram measured by Ubbelohde viscometer at 25° C. in chloroform;
10 to 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 60 to 70 weight percent;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a propylene homopolymer; and
5 to 15 parts by weight of an organophosphate flame retardant;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of poly(phenylene ether), hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
or
20 to 30 parts by weight of a reaction product comprising a poly(phenylene ether-siloxane) copolymer and a poly(phenylene ether), wherein the reaction product is prepared by a process comprising oxidatively copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane;
10 to 15 parts by weight of an impact modifier comprising
a first hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent; and
a second hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene having a poly(alkenyl aromatic) content of 25 to 35 weight percent and a melt flow index of less than 1 gram per 10 minutes, measured at 230° C. and 5 kilogram load according to ASTM D1238;
30 to 35 parts by weight of a polyolefin comprising a polybutene, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof;
25 to 35 parts by weight of a surface-treated metal hydroxide;
wherein parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight total of the reaction product, hydrogenated block copolymer, polyolefin, and flame retardant;
wherein the unfoamed thermoplastic material exhibits,
a flammability index of 0.1 to 15, determined according to ASTM D7309 Method A at a heating rate of 1° C. per second under nitrogen from 25 to 750° C.;
a flame growth rate of 0.1 to 1.5 kW/m 2 s, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a specific extinction area of 300 to 1200 square meters per kilogram, determined according to ASTM E1354 or ISO 5660 using an applied heat flux of 35 kilowatt per square meter;
a tensile elongation of greater than 100%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 2 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz; and
a carbon dioxide-generating blowing agent under conditions effective to provide a foamed thermoplastic material substantially surrounding the conductor wire and having a plurality of cells having a number average mean diameter of 5 to 150 micrometers determined by scanning electron microscopy, wherein the cells are present in an amount effective to provide a foamed material with a density that is 10 to 90 percent of the density of the unfoamed thermoplastic material; and
wherein the foamed thermoplastic material exhibits
a tensile elongation of 100 to 500%, measured according to UL 1581 at a temperature of 23° C., using a coated wire test sample; and
a dielectric constant of 1.4 to 4, determined according to ASTM D150-11 at 1 MHz.