Multi-channel communications antenna
An antenna structure configured for simultaneous communication over multiple channels or with multiple locations. In certain examples the antenna system includes an antenna, such as a horn antenna, a lens, or a horn-lens combination, for example, and a focal plane array located near the focal point of the antenna. The focal plane array can be made up of a plurality of sub-wavelength elements, and is configured to simultaneously excite and/or receive a plurality of beams, each having an independent pointing angle to communicate with multiple fixed or non-fixed communication terminals in different locations.
1. An antenna system comprising:
a horn antenna; and
a feed structure disposed within the horn antenna, the antenna system configured to produce a plurality of simultaneous beams each having an independent pointing angle to communicate with multiple fixed or non-fixed communication terminals in different locations.
2. The antenna system of claim 1 further comprising a lens mounted to the horn antenna, wherein the feed structure is positioned proximate a focal point of the lens.
3. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein the communication terminals include at least one of satellites, aircraft, and base stations.
4. The antenna system of claim 1 wherein the feed structure includes a focal plane array.
5. The antenna system of claim 4 wherein the focal plane array includes a plurality of bowtie elements.
6. The antenna system of claim 5 wherein the multiple communication terminals include three communication terminals, and the focal plane array includes five bowtie elements.
7. The antenna system of claim 6 wherein the five bowtie elements includes one central bowtie element and four edge bowtie elements arranged in a crossed configuration around the central bowtie element.
8. The antenna system of claim 7 wherein the central bowtie element is a dual-band bowtie element configured for operation in the Ku and Ka frequency bands, and the four edge bowtie elements are single-band bowtie elements configured for operation in the Ka frequency band.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 wherein the central bowtie element is larger than each of the four edge bowtie elements.
10. The antenna system of claim 4 wherein the focal plane array is axially symmetric.
11. The antenna system of claim 4 wherein the focal plane array is axially asymmetric.
12. The antenna system as claimed in claim 1 , comprising:
a dielectric lens mounted to the horn antenna and disposed at least partially within an aperture of the horn antenna; and
the feed structure comprising a focal plane array disposed within the horn antenna and located proximate a focal point of the lens, the focal plane array including a plurality of radiating elements such that the antenna system is configured to produce a plurality of independent beams with different pointing angles covering at least two distinct frequency bands.
13. The antenna system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of independent beams includes three independent beams and the at least two distinct frequency bands include the Ka band and the Ku band.
14. The antenna system of claim 13 wherein the plurality of radiating elements of the focal plane array includes a plurality of bowtie elements.
15. The antenna system of claim 14 wherein the plurality of bowtie elements includes five bowtie elements arranged in a crossed configuration.
16. The antenna system of claim 15 wherein the five bowtie elements include a central dual-band bowtie element configured for operation in the Ka and Ku bands, and four edge single-band bowtie elements arranged around the central dual-band bowtie element and each configured for operation in the Ku band, the central dual-band bowtie element being larger than each of the four edge single-band bowtie elements.