Process for producing halogenated olefins
Disclosed herein is a process comprising contacting a haloalkane reactant with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst system that consists of metallic iron and a phosphine to produce a haloalkane insertion product, wherein said haloalkane reactant is an alkane substituted with at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and combinations thereof. Also disclosed herein is a process comprising contacting CF 3 CCl 3 with CH 2 ═CHX in the presence of a catalyst system that consists of metallic iron and a phosphine to make CF 3 CCl 2 CH 2 CHClX, wherein X═F or Cl. Also disclosed are further reactions in a sequence to produce HFO-1336ze and HCFO-1335zd. Also disclosed herein is a new composition comprising the compound CF 3 CF 2 CH═CHCl.
1. A process comprising contacting CF 3 CCl 3 with CH 2 ═CHX in the presence of a catalyst system that consists of metallic iron and a triphenyl phosphine to make CF 3 CCl 2 CH 2 CHClX, wherein X═F or Cl, and fluorinating CF 3 CCl 2 CH 2 CHClX by reaction with HF in the presence of a fluorination catalyst wherein fluorination is conducted in the gas phase to make CF 3 CF 2 CH═CHF and CF 3 CF 2 CH═CHCl, the molar ratio of HF to organic fed to the reaction zone is from 6:1 to 25:1, and the fluorination catalyst is a chrome catalyst.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein CH 2 ═CHX is vinyl fluoride.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein CH 2 ═CHX is vinyl chloride.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide and chromium oxyfluoride.
5. A process comprising contacting CF 3 CCl 3 with CH 2 ═CHX in the presence of a catalyst system that consists of metallic iron and a triphenyl phosphine to make CF 3 CCl 2 CH 2 CHClX, wherein X═F or Cl, and fluorinating CF 3 CCl 2 CH 2 CHClX by reaction with HF in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, wherein the fluorination is conducted in the liquid phase in the presence of a second fluorination catalyst to make a mixture of compounds comprising at least one of CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHFC 1 , and CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHCl 2 , and further comprising contacting at least one of CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHFC 1 , or CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CHCl 2 with aqueous base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to make at least one of CF 3 CF 2 CH═CHF or CF 3 CF 2 CH═CHCl.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second fluorination catalyst is selected from the group consisting of SbF 5 , SnCl 4 , TaCl 5 , TiCl 4 , NbCl 5 , and fluorinated species thereof.
7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second fluorination catalyst comprises SbF 5 .
8. The process of claim 5 , wherein the aqueous base comprises sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.