Four way conversion catalysts for gasoline engine emissions treatment systems
Catalyzed particulate filters comprise three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic material that permeates walls of a particulate filter such that the catalyzed particulate filter has a coated porosity that is less than an uncoated porosity of the particulate filter. The coated porosity is linearly proportional to a washcoat loading of the TWC catalytic material. A coated backpressure is non-detrimental to performance of the engine. Such catalyzed particulate filters may be used in an emission treatment system downstream of a gasoline direct injection engine for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates.
1. An emission treatment system, downstream of a gasoline direct injection engine and suitable for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates, the emission treatment system comprising a catalyzed particulate filter comprising:
a three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic material that permeates a wall of a particulate filter;
wherein the catalyzed particulate filter has a coated porosity that is less than an uncoated porosity of the particulate filter, and
wherein the coated porosity ranges from 75% and 98% of the uncoated porosity and wherein there is no layering of the catalytic material on the surface of the walls of the particulate filter except optionally in areas of overlapped washcoat.
2. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein there is no layering of the TWC catalytic material on a surface of the wall except optionally in an area of overlapped washcoat.
3. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein a coated backpressure of the catalyzed particulate filter is non-detrimental to the performance of the engine.
4. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter comprises 200-300 cells per square inch (CPSI), the wall has a thickness in a range of 6-14 mil, and the catalyzed particulate filter a coated backpressure that is less than or equal to a 50% increase compared to an uncoated backpressure.
5. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter comprises a mean pore diameter in a range of about 13 μm to about 25 μm.
6. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the wall has a thickness in a range of about 6 mils (152 μm) to about 14 mils (356 μm) and an uncoated porosity in a range of 55% to 70%.
7. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the TWC catalytic material is formed from a single washcoat composition that permeates an inlet side and/or an outlet side of the particulate filter.
8. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein a first single washcoat layer is present on the inlet side along up to about 0%-100% of the axial length of the particulate filter from the upstream end and a second single washcoat layer is present on the outlet side along up to about 0%-100% of the axial length of the particulate filter from the downstream end, wherein at least one of the first and second single washcoat layers is present in an amount of >0%.
9. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein:
a single washcoat layer is present on the inlet side along up to about 100% of the axial length of the particulate filter from the upstream end and there is not a washcoat layer on the outlet side, or
a single washcoat layer is present on the outlet side along up to about 100% of the axial length of the particulate filter from the downstream end and there is not a washcoat layer on the inlet side.
10. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , comprising the TWC catalytic material in an amount of about 1 g/in 3 to about 5 g/in 3 (about 60 g/L to about 300 g/L).
11. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the uncoated porosity is a percentage of a volume of pores of the particulate filter relative to a volume of the particulate filter and is in a range of 55% to 70%.
12. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the TWC catalytic material comprises rhodium, palladium, ceria or a ceria composite, and alumina.
13. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter comprises cordierite, alumina, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate, or mullite.
14. A catalyzed particulate filter, located in an emission treatment system downstream of a gasoline direct injection engine and suitable for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates, the catalyzed particulate filter comprising:
a particulate filter comprising a wall having a thickness in a range of about 6 mils (152 μm) to about 14 mils (356 μm) and a porosity in a range of 55% to 70%; and
a three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic material in an amount of about 1.0 g/in 3 to about 4 g/in 3 (61 g/L to 244 g/L);
wherein the TWC catalytic material permeates the wall; and
wherein the coated porosity is between 75 and 98% of the uncoated porosity and wherein there is no layering of the catalytic material on the surface of the walls of the particulate filter except optionally in areas of overlapped washcoat.
15. A method of treating an exhaust gas comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates, the method comprising:
obtaining the catalyzed particulate filter of claim 14 ; and
locating the catalyzed particulate filter downstream of a gasoline direct injection engine;
wherein upon operation of the engine, exhaust gas from the engine contacts the catalyzed particulate filter.
16. A method of making a catalyzed particulate filter, the method comprising:
obtaining a particulate filter;
forming a slurry of a three-way conversion (TWC) catalytic material having a pH in a range of 2 to 7; and
permeating the TWC catalytic material into a wall of the particulate filter to form the catalyzed particulate filter such that the catalyzed particulate filter has a coated porosity that is less than an uncoated porosity of the particulate filter, and
wherein the coated porosity is between 75 and 98% of the uncoated porosity and wherein there is no layering of the catalytic material on the surface of the walls of the particulate filter except optionally in areas of overlapped washcoat.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the slurry has a dynamic viscosity in a range of about 5 mPa·s to less than 40 mPa·s at 20° C. and a solids content of 0 wt.-% to 25 wt.-% solids.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein there is no layering of the TWC catalytic material on a surface of the wall except optionally in an area of overlapped washcoat.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein a coated backpressure of the catalyzed particulate filter is non-detrimental to the performance of the engine.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the particulate filter comprises 200-300 cells per square inch (CPSI), the wall has a thickness in a range of 6-14 mil, and the catalyzed particulate filter a coated backpressure that is less than or equal to a 50% increase compared to an uncoated backpressure.