Solidified, conformable porous composites and related devices, methods, and uses
A solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and containing thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and a particulate filler material is disclosed herein. An energy storage device containing a solidified, conformable porous composite having interconnected pores and comprising thermally-expanded polymer microspheres and particulate filler material is disclosed herein. A method of making a solidified, conformable porous composite in which no solvent is introduced into and extracted from the composite in the formation of pores is disclosed herein.
1. A solidified porous composite comprising:
a thermally-expanded polymer matrix comprising compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres having been thermally-expanded to fill a fixed volume cavity of a mold, wherein at least a portion of the compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres are ruptured, the thermally-expanded polymer matrix having solidified and conformed to a shape of the fixed volume cavity; and
a particulate filler material distributed throughout the polymer matrix,
wherein the solidified porous composite comprises interconnected pores extending through the polymer matrix and a porosity of 30% or more; and
wherein the porous composite is free of a mechanical reinforcement material.
2. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , in which the solidified porous composite is electrolyte-wettable and has a porosity range of 30-90%, as determined by water porosity.
3. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , in which the compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres and the particulate filler material comprise bonded dry powders or a bonded aqueous dispersion.
4. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , in which the particulate filler material comprises an inorganic material.
5. The solidified porous composite of claim 4 , in which the inorganic material comprises an inorganic oxide, a carbonate, a hydroxide, alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, mica, boehmite, or mixtures of any of the foregoing.
6. The solidified porous composite of claim 4 , in which the inorganic material comprises about 30 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solidified porous composite.
7. The solidified porous composite of claim 4 , in which the particulate filler material further comprises an additive.
8. The solidified porous composite of claim 7 , in which the additive comprises a hydrogen-evolution inhibitor, electrolyte-soluble pore former, a structure-enhancing agent, a wettability-enhancing agent, a fragrance, or combinations thereof.
9. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , in which the solidified porous composite comprises a sheet having flat major surfaces, patterned major surfaces, or combinations thereof.
10. The solidified porous composite of claim 9 , in which the sheet has at least one patterned major surface and has regions with a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 0.6 mm or about 0.4 mm to about 0.5 mm and has regions with a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm or about 1 mm to about 3 mm.
11. A porous composite comprising:
a thermally-expanded polymer matrix and a particulate filler material distributed throughout the polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix comprises polymer microspheres having been compression and heat-bonded via thermal expansion of the polymer microspheres in a fixed volume cavity of a mold, wherein at least a portion of the compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres are ruptured, the thermally-expanded polymer matrix having solidified and conformed to a shape of the fixed volume cavity,
wherein the porous composite comprises interconnected pores extending through the polymer matrix and a porosity of 30% or more; and
wherein the porous composite is a fragrance storage device and comprises a fragrance at least partially occupying the interconnected pores.
12. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , in which the particulate filler material further comprises an additive, wherein the additive comprises a hydrogen-evolution inhibitor, electrolyte-soluble pore former, a structure-enhancing agent, a wettability-enhancing agent, or combinations thereof.
13. A porous composite substantially only comprising:
a thermally-expanded polymer matrix substantially only including polymer microspheres, wherein the polymer matrix comprises polymer microspheres having been compression and heat-bonded via thermal expansion of the polymer microspheres in a fixed volume cavity of a mold, wherein at least a portion of the compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres are ruptured, the thermally-expanded polymer matrix having solidified and conformed to a shape of the fixed volume cavity; and
a particulate filler material distributed throughout the polymer matrix; and
a fragrance;
wherein the porous composite comprises interconnected pores extending through the polymer matrix and a porosity of 30% or more, and wherein the porous composite comprises between 30 wt % and 90 wt % of the particulate filler material;
wherein the porous composite is a fragrance storage device including the fragrance at least partially occupying the interconnected pores; and
wherein the porous composite is free of a mechanical reinforcement material.
14. The solidified porous composite of claim 1 , wherein the solidified porous composite consists of a thermally-expanded polymer matrix consisting of compression and heat-bonded polymer microspheres and the particulate filler material distributed throughout the polymer matrix.