Selective catalytic reduction articles and systems
Certain selective catalytic reduction (SCR) articles, systems and methods provide for high NOx conversion while at the same time low N 2 O formation. The articles, systems and methods are suitable for instance for the treatment of exhaust gas of diesel engines. Certain articles have zoned coatings disposed thereon, for example, a zoned coating comprising an upstream zone comprising a coating layer comprising a steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve and a downstream zone comprising a coating layer comprising a high copper-containing molecular sieve.
1. A selective catalytic reduction article comprising a substrate having a front upstream end and a rear downstream end defining an axial length and having a catalytic coating thereon, where the catalytic coating comprises:
a first coating layer comprising a steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve; and
a second coating layer comprising a copper-containing molecular sieve;
wherein the iron-containing molecular sieve is steam-activated at a temperature of about 500° C. to about 800° C. for a period of about 20 minutes to about 12 hours in the presence of water vapor; and
wherein the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve and the copper-containing molecular sieve are each 8-ring small pore molecular sieves.
2. A method for activating an iron-containing molecular sieve powder, the method comprising:
adding iron into a molecular sieve to form an iron-containing molecular sieve; and
carrying out steam-calcination of the iron-containing molecular sieve powder at a temperature of about 650° C. to about 750° C. for a period of about 20 minutes to about 2 hours in the presence of water vapor;
wherein the iron-containing molecular sieve is a first coating layer of the selective catalytic reduction article according to claim 1 .
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein adding the iron into the molecular sieve comprises a process selected from the group consisting of ion-exchange, impregnation of an iron salt, and mixing a molecular sieve with iron oxide.
4. A method of preparing a catalytic article, the method comprising applying to a substrate a catalytic coating comprising a steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve powder;
wherein the catalytic article is a selective catalytic reduction article according to claim 1 .
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the coated substrate is adapted to achieve greater than 90% NOx conversion at 250° C. under fast SCR conditions without further steam-treatment.
6. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic coating is zoned and comprises:
a first, upstream zone comprising the first coating layer comprising the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve; and
a second, downstream zone comprising the second coating layer comprising the copper-containing molecular sieve.
7. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 6 , wherein the substrate includes an undercoat comprising an AMOx catalyst in the downstream zone.
8. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a porous wall-flow filter or a flow-through monolith.
9. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the following conditions apply:
a weight ratio of the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve to the copper-containing molecular sieve is about 1:10 to about 10:1;
a weight ratio of iron oxide in the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve to copper oxide in the copper-containing molecular sieve is about 1:15 to about 15:1.
10. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve includes iron oxide in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the iron-containing molecular sieve, and the copper-containing molecular sieve includes copper oxide in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the copper-containing molecular sieve.
11. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the following conditions apply:
the copper-containing molecular sieve has a Cu/AI atomic ratio of about 0.05 to about 0.55;
the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve has a Fe/AI atomic ratio of about 0.05 to about 2.0.
12. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the first coating layer extends a distance from the front, upstream end of the substrate towards the rear, downstream end of the substrate and overlays a portion of the second coating layer, which extends from the rear, downstream end of the substrate a distance towards the front, upstream end of the substrate.
13. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the first coating layer extends from the front, upstream end of the substrate to the rear, downstream end of the substrate and overlays an entirety of the second coating layer, which extends from the rear, downstream end of the substrate to the front, upstream end of the substrate.
14. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the second coating layer extends a distance from the front, upstream end of the substrate towards the rear, downstream end of the substrate and overlays a portion of the first coating layer, which extends a distance from the rear, downstream end of the substrate towards the front, upstream end of the substrate.
15. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the second coating layer extends from the front, upstream end of the substrate to the rear, downstream end of the substrate and overlays an entirety of the first coating layer, which extends from the rear, downstream end of the substrate to the front, upstream end of the substrate.
16. The selective catalytic reduction article claim 1 , wherein the first coating layer and the second coating layer are adjacent and do not overlay each other.
17. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the first coating layer and the second coating layer are in direct contact with each other.
18. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve and the copper-containing molecular sieve are each zeolites having a structure independently selected from the group consisting of AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, EAB, ERI, KFI, LEV, SAS, SAT and SAV.
19. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein each of the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve and the copper-containing molecular sieve are aluminosilicate zeolites having a CHA crystal structure and a silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of about 5 to about 40.
20. A selective catalytic reduction system comprising:
a first selective catalytic reduction article formed of a first substrate including a first catalytic coating layer comprising a steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve; and
a second selective catalytic reduction article formed of a second substrate including a second catalytic coating layer comprising a copper-containing molecular sieve;
wherein the first selective catalytic reduction article and the second selective catalytic reduction article are in fluid communication;
wherein the first selective catalytic reduction article is a selective catalytic reduction article according to claim 1 .
21. The selective catalytic reduction system of claim 20 , wherein:
the first substrate of the first selective catalytic reduction article is zoned according to claim 6 ; and
the second selective catalytic reduction article formed of a second substrate includes a second catalytic coating layer comprising a copper-containing molecular sieve,
wherein the first selective catalytic reduction article and the second selective catalytic reduction article are in fluid communication.
22. The selective catalytic reduction system of claim 20 , wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are each independently selected from the group consisting of a porous wall-flow filter and a flow-through monolith.
23. The selective catalytic reduction system of claim 20 , wherein the second substrate includes an undercoat comprising an AMOx catalyst.
24. A method for treating an exhaust stream containing NOx, comprising passing the exhaust stream through a selective catalytic reduction system of claim 20 .
25. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising:
a selective catalytic reduction system according to claim 20 ;
a reductant injector in fluid communication with and upstream of the selective catalytic reduction system; and
optionally one or more of a diesel oxidation catalyst, a soot filter, an ammonia oxidation catalyst, and an internal combustion engine.
26. A method for treating an exhaust stream containing NOx, comprising passing the exhaust stream through an exhaust gas treatment system of claim 25 .
27. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising:
a selective catalytic reduction article according to claim 1 ;
a reductant injector in fluid communication with and upstream of the selective catalytic reduction article; and
optionally one or more of a diesel oxidation catalyst, a soot filter, an ammonia oxidation catalyst, and an internal combustion engine.
28. A method for treating an exhaust stream containing NOx, comprising passing the exhaust stream through an exhaust gas treatment system of claim 27 .
29. A method for treating an exhaust stream containing NOx, comprising passing the exhaust stream through a selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 .
30. The selective catalytic reduction article of claim 1 , wherein the steam-activated iron-containing molecular sieve is steam-activated at a temperature of about 650° C. to about 750° C. for a period of about 20 minutes to about 2 hours in the presence of water vapor.