Thermo-electrochemical converter
A direct heat to electricity engine includes solid state electrodes of an electrochemically active material that has an electrochemical reaction potential that is temperature dependent. The electrodes are configured in combination with electrolyte separators to form membrane electrode assemblies. The membrane electrode assemblies are grouped into pairs, whereby each membrane electrode assembly of a given pair is ionically and electronically interconnected with the other. One membrane electrode assembly of a given pair is coupled to a heat source with the other to a heat sink. One membrane electrode assembly of the pair is electrically discharged while the other is electrically charged, whereby the net and relative charge between the two remains constant because of the electronic and ionic interconnection and the difference in temperature of the membrane electrode assemblies, and thereby voltage, results in net power generation.
1. A direct heat to electricity converter comprising:
first and second membrane electrode assemblies coupled to each other, each membrane electrode assembly including a first porous electrode, a second porous electrode and a membrane sandwiched therebetween, the membrane being an ion conductive membrane;
a working fluid, ions of the working fluid being dispersed within the first and second membrane electrode assemblies,
wherein one of the first and second porous electrodes of each membrane electrode assembly has a high ion concentration and the other of the first and second porous electrodes of each membrane electrode assembly has a low ion concentration,
wherein the high ion concentration electrodes are ionically coupled to each other by a first ion conductive liquid electrolyte solution and the low ion concentration electrodes are ionically coupled to each other by a second ion conductive liquid electrolyte solution, the first and second electrolyte solutions comprising an anhydrous organic amine capable of dissolving the working fluid.
2. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 1 , further comprising an external power source connected to the first porous electrodes and the second porous electrodes, power being applied to the electrodes and driving working fluid flow as electron flow forced by the external power source induces ion conductivity through the membrane of each membrane electrode assembly.
3. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second ion conductive liquid electrolyte solutions contain dissolved ions, such that a concentration equilibrium is maintained between the low ion concentration electrodes and between the high ion concentration electrodes.
4. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat sink coupled to one of the first and second membrane electrode assemblies and a heat source coupled to the other one of the first and second membrane electrode assemblies, such that the one of the first and second membrane electrode assemblies is electrically discharged while the other one of the first and second membrane electrode assemblies is electrically charged at different temperatures and voltages, the difference in temperature and voltage of the first and second membrane electrode assemblies resulting in net power generation.
5. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is an alkali metal working fluid.
6. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 5 , wherein the working fluid is lithium.
7. The direct heat to electricity converter according to claim 1 , wherein a working fluid concentration level of the first ion conductive liquid electrolyte solution is higher than a working fluid concentration level of the second ion conductive liquid electrolyte solution.