Tip for an ultrasonic surgical tool with case hardened cutting edges and method of making same
A tip is formed for use with an ultrasonic handpiece. The handpiece, when actuated, is capable of causing the tip to go into ultrasonic vibrations. The tip has a shaft from which a head extends. Teeth extend from the head. At least the teeth have a case hardened outer layer. The case hardened outer layer reduces the wearing of the teeth when the teeth are vibrated against hard tissue.
1. A method of forming a tip for use with an ultrasonic handpiece that includes at least one driver that, when actuated, induces vibrations in the tip attached to the handpiece, said method including the steps of:
at least partially shaping a tip to form at least a portion of a shaft of the tip, a head at a distal end of the shaft and at least one tooth that projects outwardly from the head;
determining a characteristic wavelength of the tip; and
diffusing a hardening agent into a distal portion of the tip wherein the hardening agent is at least diffused into the at least one tooth so that at least the at least one tooth has a case hardened outer layer and wherein, in said step of diffusing a hardening agent into the tip, the hardening agent is diffused along a length of the tip that, extends proximally from the at least one tooth and is a maximum distance of one-eighth of the length of the characteristic wavelength of the tip.
2. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein:
in said step of at least partially shaping the tip, the tip is shaped to have a plurality of teeth; and
in said step of diffusing a hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip, the hardening agent is at least diffused into the plurality of teeth.
3. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein said step of determining the characteristic wavelength of the tip is performed by:
determining a characteristic resonant frequency of the tip; and
determining the characteristic wavelength of the tip as a function of the characteristic resonant frequency of the tip.
4. The method of forming a tip of claim 3 , wherein:
said step of determining a characteristic resonant frequency of the tip is performed by determining the characteristic resonant frequency for a tip having features of the tip to be subjected to said step of diffusing the hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip; and
said step of determining the characteristic wavelength of the tip is based on the characteristic resonant frequency for the tip having the features of the tip to be subjected to said step of diffusing the hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip.
5. The method of forming a tip of claim 3 , wherein said step of determining the characteristic resonant frequency of the tip is at least partially performed by performing finite element analysis of the tip.
6. The method of forming a tip of claim 3 , wherein said step of determining the characteristic resonant frequency of the tip is at least partially performed by vibrating the tip at a number of different frequencies to determine the characteristic resonant frequency of the tip.
7. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein said step of diffusing a hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip is performed by:
after said step of at least partially shaping the tip, placing the tip in a chamber;
setting an environment of the chamber so that, within the chamber, there is a gaseous state form of the hardening agent; and
selectively heating an outer surface of the distal portion of the tip into which the hardening agent is to be diffused to a temperature at which the hardening agent will diffuse into the tip.
8. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein said step of diffusing a hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip is performed by:
after said step of at least partially shaping the tip, forming a mask over portions of the tip into which the hardening agent is not to be diffused;
placing the tip in a chamber;
setting an environment of the chamber so that, within the chamber, there is a gaseous state form of the hardening agent; and
heating the inside of the chamber so a temperature of an outer surface of the tip rises to a level at which the hardening agent will diffuse into portions of the tip that are not covered by the mask.
9. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein said step of at least partially shaping the tip to form the at least one tooth of said tip is performed by:
directing targeted energy to the tip to heat a surface of the tip where the at least one tooth is to be formed to a molten state; and
simultaneously with said step of directing targeted energy to the surface of the tip, directing an assist gas to a section of the tip being heated to the molten state, the assist gas including a gaseous state form of the hardening agent so that the assist gas blows molten state material away from the tip and so that a fraction of the gaseous state form of the hardening agent diffuses into a portion of the tip that remains after the molten state material is blown away so that said steps of at least partially shaping the tip to form the at least one tooth of the tip and diffusing the hardening agent into the at least one tooth are performed simultaneously.
10. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein in said step of diffusing a hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip, the hardening agent is only diffused into the at least one tooth so that only the at least one tooth is formed with a case hardened outer layer.
11. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , further including the step of forming the tip so that the tip is formed with a bore through which a suction can be drawn.
12. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , further including the step of forming the tip with a feature that causes the at least one tooth to, when the tip is vibrated by the at least one driver, engage in plural different vibrational movements.
13. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein said tip is shaped out of a single piece unit.
14. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , further including the step of shaping the tip so the shaft of the tip is linear in shape.
15. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein in said step of at least partially shaping the tip, the tip is shaped out of: titanium; an alloy of titanium; aluminum; an alloy of aluminum; iron; or an alloy of iron.
16. The method of forming a tip of claim 1 , wherein in said step of diffusing the hardening agent into the distal portion of the tip, a component of the hardening agent is selected from the group consisting of: boron; carbon; and nitrogen.
17. A tip for use with an ultrasonic handpiece, said tip manufactured according to the method of claim 1 and including:
a shaft having opposed proximal and distal ends;
a feature at a proximal end of the shaft for releasably coupling the shaft to an ultrasonic handpiece so said tip will, upon actuation of said handpiece, be vibrated by said handpiece; and
a head that extends from the distal end of said shaft, said head formed to have at least one tooth,
characterized in that:
said at least one tooth has a case hardened outer layer.
18. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said at least one tooth comprises a plurality of teeth extending from said head.
19. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said shaft includes a bore through which a suction can be drawn.
20. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said shaft has a feature that causes the at least one tooth to, when the tip is vibrated, engage in plural different vibrational movements.
21. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said tip is shaped out of a single piece unit.
22. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said shaft is linear in shape.
23. The tip of claim 17 , wherein said shaft, said head and said at least one tooth are formed from: titanium; an alloy of titanium; aluminum; an alloy of aluminum; iron; or an alloy of iron.