Soft tissue tracking using physiologic volume rendering

1. A computer implemented method comprising:

acquiring a two-dimensional (2D) patient image describing anatomical patient structures of a patient;

acquiring an identified three-dimensional (“3D”) tracking structure of the patient,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure corresponds to an anatomical structure of the patient identified based on processing the 2D patient image,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is defined in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is a structure to be tracked using 3D tracking images from additional medical image data;

tessellating the identified 3D tracking structure into a plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures that are formed having a same range of similarity of movement, for tracking the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures individually in the three-dimensional coordinate system,

wherein the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures includes a first sub-tracking structure having a target structure for treatment and one or more second sub-tracking structures different from the first sub-tracking structure, and

wherein subsequent to the tessellating: relative positions of voxels in an individual 3D sub-tracking structure, of the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures, do not change relative to each other, voxels in different 3D sub-tracking structures are allowed to change their relative positions; and

determining, for at least one of the second sub-tracking structures, a measure of similarity of movement with respect to the first sub-tracking structure.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

matching at least some of the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures with the anatomical patient structures described by the 2D patient image.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

individually tracking the matched 3D sub-tracking structures.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a dynamic DRR is determined based on the 2D patient image, and wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is identified further using dynamic atlas.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

selecting one or more 3D sub-tracking structures, from the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures, for tracking based on predetermined criteria.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:

individually tracking the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:

determining an overall tracking position of the identified 3D tracking structure based on the tracking of the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures.

8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:

determining at least one of a position and geometry of the target structure for treatment based on the tracking of the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures.

9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:

determining a deformation of the target structure for treatment, based on the tracking of the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures.

10. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:

determining whether the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures fulfill the predetermined criteria, wherein the predetermined criteria define one or more threshold values associated with a positional change of the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures;

if it is determined that the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures fulfill the predetermined criteria,

determining an overall tracking position of the identified 3D tracking structure based on the tracking of the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures; and

if it is determined that the selected one or more 3D sub-tracking structures do not fulfill the predetermined criteria,

identifying a new 3D tracking structure,

acquiring the identified new 3D tracking structure, and

tessellating the new 3D tracking structure into a plurality of new 3D sub-tracking structures; and

acquiring a patient image describing anatomical patient structures and matching at least some of the plurality of new 3D sub-tracking structures with the anatomical patient structures described by the patient image.

11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the measure of similarity of movement for a second sub-tracking structure with respect the first sub-tracking structure comprises a square of magnitude of difference between:

a first value corresponding to the difference between a first position of the second sub-tracking structure at a first time and a second position of the second sub-tracking structure at a second time, and

a second value corresponding to the difference between a first position of the first sub-tracking structure at the first time and a second position of the first sub-tracking structure at the second time.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

individually tracking the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

displaying a slider that enables a user to set a threshold value for the measure of similarity of movement, and

modifying the 3D tracking images to render: the first sub-tracking structure having the target structure, and one or more of the second sub-tracking structures that satisfy the threshold value for the measure of similarity of movement.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor of at least one computer cause the at least one computer to perform operations comprising:

acquiring a two-dimensional (2D) patient image describing anatomical patient structures of a patient;

acquiring an identified three-dimensional (“3D”) tracking structure of the patient,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure corresponds to an anatomical structure of the patient identified based on processing the 2D patient image,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is defined in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is a structure to be tracked using 3D tracking images from additional medical image data; and

tessellating the identified 3D tracking structure into a plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures that are formed having a same range of similarity of movement, for tracking the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures individually in the three-dimensional coordinate system,

wherein the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures includes a first sub-tracking structure having a target structure for treatment and one or more second sub-tracking structures different from the first sub-tracking structure, and

wherein subsequent to the tessellating: relative positions of voxels in an individual 3D sub-tracking structure, of the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures, do not change relative to each other, voxels in different 3D sub-tracking structures are allowed to change their relative positions; for at least one of the second sub-tracking structures, measure of similarity of movement is determined with respect to the first sub-tracking structure; and

modifying, based on the measure of similarity of movement for the at least one of the second sub-tracking structures, the 2D patient image.

15. A system, comprising:

one or more processors; and

a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including:

acquiring a two-dimensional (2D) patient image describing anatomical patient structures of a patient;

acquiring an identified three-dimensional (“3D”) tracking structure of the patient,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure corresponds to an anatomical structure of the patient identified based on processing the 2D patient image,

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is defined in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and

wherein the identified 3D tracking structure is a structure to be tracked using 3D tracking images from additional medical image data; tessellating the identified 3D tracking structure into a plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures that are formed having a same range of similarity of movement, for tracking the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures individually in the three-dimensional coordinate system,

wherein the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures includes a first sub-tracking structure having a target structure for treatment and one or more second sub-tracking structures different from the first sub-tracking structure, and

wherein subsequent to the tessellating: relative positions of voxels in an individual 3D sub-tracking structure, of the plurality of 3D sub-tracking structures, do not change relative to each other, voxels in different 3D sub-tracking structures are allowed to change their relative positions; and

determining, for at least one of the second sub-tracking structures, measure of similarity of movement with respect to the first sub-tracking structure.