Lignin pellets and process for producing same
Lignin pellets comprising fused lignin are described herein. The lignin pellets may further comprise a processing aid, and/or a surfactant, and/or a chemical modifying agent, and/or a compatibilizer and/or a thermoplastic polymer. An extrusion process for producing the lignin pellets and their use in the manufacture of lignin thermoplastic blend products, polyols, polyphenols, polyaromatics and polyurethanes is also disclosed herein. The extruded lignin pellet may be dry-blended with additional thermoplastic and/or additive and then directly processed using processes such as injection molding, compression molding, extrusion, extrusion coating, blowing, thermoforming, stamping, foaming, fiber drawing, calendering or rolling.
1 . A fused lignin pellet consisting essentially of raw lignin and a plasticizer, wherein the fused lignin comprises a substantially single phase morphology.
2 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet comprises a moisture content of less than about 5%.
3 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet comprises a moisture content of less than about 2%.
4 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet is an extruded lignin pellet.
5 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet is a non-porous pellet.
6 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet is a porous pellet.
7 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet comprises a VOC content of less than about 0.1 wt. %.
8 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is at least one of glycol, glycerol, crude glycerol, epoxidized soybean oil, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol); and wherein the pellet comprises from 1 wt. % to 20 wt. % of the plasticizer.
9 . A process for producing a fused lignin pellet consisting essentially of raw lignin and a plasticizer, the process comprising:
feeding a lignin feed material consisting essentially of raw lignin into an extruder;
adding a plasticizer to the lignin feed material at one or more downstream sections of the extruder to produce a mixture; and
devolatizing moisture and volatile organic content from the lignin feed material in the mixture;
wherein the fused lignin comprises a substantially single phase morphology.
10 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the fused lignin pellet comprises a VOC that has been reduced by at least about 40% relative to the VOC in the lignin feed material.
11 . A fused lignin pellet consisting essentially of raw lignin and a lubricant, wherein the fused lignin comprises a substantially single phase morphology.
12 . The fused lignin pellet of claim 11 , wherein the pellet comprises a moisture content of less than about 5%.